Proteins promotion

Such solubilized protein-detergent complexes are the starting material for purification and crystallization. For some proteins, the addition of small amphipathic molecules to the detergent-solubilized protein promotes crystallization, probably by facilitating proper packing interactions between the molecules in all three dimensions in a crystal (Figure 12.2b). Therefore, many different amphipathic molecules are added in separate crystallization experiments until, by trial and error, the correct one is found. 

The aqueous [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,4-naphthoquinones 115 with methoxy cyclohexadiene performed in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) is one of the first examples of protein-promoted Diels Alder reactions [79]. Some results are reported in Table 4.18. The globular protein does not affect the regioisomer ratio of adducts. The highest enantiomeric excess was obtained in the cycloaddition of juglone 115 (R = H) with 1-methoxy-1,3-cyclohexadiene 116. 

Nonbilayer phase formation has been found to play an important role in membrane transport, fusion, and exo- and endocytosis [23,27,28]. In addition, the presence of peptides and proteins promotes the formation of nonbilayer phases [29,30], which may be needed to keep them in a functional state [18,31]. 

Egile C, Ixhsel TP, Laurent V, Li R, Pantaloni D, Sansonetti P J, Carlier MF Activation of the CDC42 effector N-WASP by the Shigella flexneri IcsA protein promotes actin nucleation by Arp2/3 complex and bacterial actin-based motility. J Cell Biol 1999 146 1319-1332. 

Figure 13.2 Schematic representation of the creation of hPXR humanized mice. The humanization was achieved in the liver only when the liver-specific albumin promoter was used to direct the transgene expression, or in both the liver and the intestine when the fatty acid binding protein promoter was used. PCN, pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile RIF, rifampicin. + and mean induction and lack of induction, respectively.

Wei, G., et al., Protein-promoted synthesis of Pt nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes for electrocatalytic nanohybrids with enhanced glucose sensing. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011.115(23) p. 11453-11460. 

Suzuki, Y., Y. Nakabayashi, and R. Takahashi, Ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein promotes protea-... 

Lambrix V, Reichelt M, Mitchell-Olds T, Kliebenstein DJ, Gershenzon J (2001) The Arabidopsis epithiospecifier protein promotes the hydrolysis of glucosinolates to nitriles and influences Trichoplusia ni herbivory. Plant cell 13 2793-2807... 

Therapeutic proteins have also been successfully expressed in the urine and seminal fluid of various transgenic animals. Again, issues of sample collection, volume of collected fluid and the appropriateness of these systems renders unlikely their industrial-scale adoption. One system, however, that does show industrial promise is the targeted production of recombinant proteins in the egg white of transgenic birds. Targeted production is achieved by choice of an appropriate egg white protein promoter sequence. Large quantities of recombinant product can potentially accumulate in the egg, which can then be collected and processed with relative ease. 

The MDM2 protein specifically binds to the p53 protein and thus leads to its inactivation. There is experimental evidence that the MDM2 protein promotes proteolytic degradation of p53 (Haupt and Oren, 1997). There is also a link between the p53 pro-... 

The p-dependent terminators lack the sequence of repeated A residues in the template strand but usually include a CA-rich sequence called a rut (rho rhilization) element. The p protein associates with the RNA at specific binding sites and migrates in the 5 —>3 direction until it reaches the transcription complex that is paused at a termination site. Here it contributes to release of the RNA transcript. The p protein has an ATP-depend-ent RNA-DNA helicase activity that promotes translocation of the protein along the RNA, and ATP is hydrolyzed by p protein during the termination process. The detailed mechanism by which the protein promotes the release of the RNA transcript is not known. 

Oliver PM, Cao X, Worthen GS, Shi P, et al. 2006. Ndfipl protein promotes the function of itch ubiquitin ligase to prevent T cell activation and T helper 2 cell-mediated inflammation. Immunity. 25 929-940. 

Biddlecome, G. H., Berstein, G., and Ross, E. M. (1996). Regulation of phospholipase C-/11 by Gq and ml muscarinic cholinergic receptor steady-state balance of receptor-mediated activation and GTPase-activating protein-promoted deactivation./. Biol. Chem. 271, 7999-8007. 

Nakanishi, A., Clever, J., Yamada, M., Li, P.P. and Kasamatsu, H. (1996) Association with capsid protein promotes nuclear targeting of simian virus 40 DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 96-100. 

Farnesyl pyrophosphate and the C20 compound geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (which is formed by the condensation of another isopentenyl pyrophosphate with farnesyl pyrophosphate) are covalently linked to cysteine residues in a number of proteins, promoting their association with membranes (see Topic E2). Dolichol, which contains some 20 isoprene units is used to carry the biosynthetic precursor of the N-linked oligosaccharides that are subsequently attached to proteins (see Topic H5). 

Because cobalt(III) complexes bind to the N-terminal amino acid residue of peptides, only the N-terminal peptide bond is hydrolyzed. It would be advantageous if the metal complex could coordinate to various parts of a peptide chain, thus allowing for cleavage of other areas of the peptide chain. Recently this has become an active area of research, and there have been several publications on the cleavage of the polypeptide backbone of proteins promoted by metal complexes. The advantage that these complexes have over the cobalt(III) complexes is that they can be selectively introduced on to various amino acid side chains, allowing for cleavage of peptide bonds at locations other than the N-terminus. This is of interest because,... 

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