Fabric structure

Knit fabric A fabric structure made by interlooping yams. 

The conjoint action of a tensile stress and a specific corrodent on a material results in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) if the conditions are sufficiently severe. The tensile stress can be the residual stress in a fabricated structure, the hoop stress in a pipe containing fluid at pressures above ambient or in a vessel by virtue of the internal hydraulic pressure created by the weight of its contents. Stresses result from thermal expansion effects, the torsional stresses on a pump or agitator shaft and many more causes. 

Thomas J. Webster, Nanophase Ceramics The Future Orthopedic and Dental Implant Material Yu-Ming Lin, Mildred S. Dresselhaus, and Jackie Y. Ying, Fabrication, Structure, and Transport Properties if Nanowires... 

Fig. 8.11 (a) Schematic of the hierarchical structure of a composite with multiple CNT fibers, where each fiber is a composite itself [77]. (b) The intercalation of small amounts of polymer between CNTs during CNT fiber production is a promising method to fabricate structural composites based on nanocarbons [81], With kind permission from Elsevier (2011) and Taylor and Francis (2012). 

Regardless of whether the fabric structure is woven or knitted, accurate characterization of construction parameters is necessary to evaluate test results for other properties and to explain differences noted when comparing test data from fabrics of different constructions. 

For both the tongue and Elmendorf test methods, it is important to observe the behavior of the specimen as the tear is propagated. In cases where the yams in the test direction are much stronger than the perpendicular yams, it is sometimes difficult or impossible to propagate the tear in the desired direction. In this case, a crosswise tear results. Tear resistance is primarily a function of fabric construction. Loose, open weaves such as cheesecloth tend to resist tear, whereas tight weaves tend to tear easily. In the open weave, the concentrated force field at the point of tear is dissipated by the compliance of the fabric structure to accommodate the stress field, thereby distributing the force over a greater number of yams. 

Ultimately, resolution in a sputtering process is limited by ion penetration into the substrate and/or by the range over which momentum can be transferred effectively enough to remove atoms from the sample surface. The diameter from which atoms can be sputtered has been reported to be about 10 nm for incident ion energies up to 12 keV (62). This means that it should be possible to fabricate structures of about 10 nm which also happens to be the size of the smallest ion beam that can be produced with present ion sources. 

There are several methods for introducing the insoluble deposits into the fabric structure The multiple bath method, in which the fabric is first impregnated with a water-soluble sail or salts In one bath and is then passed into a second bath which contains (he precipitant, is used most often. Most semidurable retardants used on cotton are based on a combination of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. 

Helical flows are not only found for 2-D mixer designs. In analogy with findings for macro-scale alternating helical coils, microstructured 3-D designs were proposed [49, 153], For reasons of limitations of today s micro fabrication, not real helices were made, but easier to fabricate structures such as complex micro channels based of L-shaped elements arranged in a 3-D fashion. 

The dissipation factor is affected by the frequency, temperature, crystallinity, and void content of the fabricated structure. At certain temperatures the crystalline and amorphous regions become resonant. Because of the molecular vibrations, the applied electrical energy is lost by internal friction within the polymer and this leads to an increase in dissipation factor. The dissipation factor peaks for these resins correspond to well-defined transitions.38... 

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