Three-dimensional periodic structures fabrication

Gates B, Yin Y, Xia Y (1999) Fabrication and characterization of porous membranes with highly ordered three-dimensional periodic structures. Chem Mater 11 2827... 

It has been demonstrated that an electrohydrod5mamic jet printing process is suitable for the fabrication of three-dimensional periodic structures, and thus has great potential in advanced biomedical applications, such as ceU alignment (62). 

Owing to the simphcity and versatility of surface-initiated ATRP, the above-mentioned AuNP work may be extended to other particles for their two- or three-dimensionally ordered assemblies with a wide controllabiUty of lattice parameters. In fact, a dispersion of monodisperse SiPs coated with high-density PMMA brushes showed an iridescent color, in organic solvents (e.g., toluene), suggesting the formation of a colloidal crystal [108]. To clarify this phenomenon, the direct observation of the concentrated dispersion of a rhodamine-labeled SiP coated with a high-density polymer brush was carried out by confocal laser scanning microscopy. As shown in Fig. 23, the experiment revealed that the hybrid particles formed a wide range of three-dimensional array with a periodic structure. This will open up a new route to the fabrication of colloidal crystals. 

The macroscopic mechanical features of the monofilament textiles were obtained at the meso-scale level with a model of the representative volume [48] assuming the periodicity in the textile geometry. In the model the main assumption was the perfect periodicity of the monofilament textile and the unit cell reproduces the whole fabric structure (Figure 11.6). A three-dimensional FE model was implemented to predict the mechanical behavior of technical textiles. The three-dimensional numerical simulation of a monofilament textile requires the constitutive behavior of the fibers to be as close as possible to the real one. 

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