Exxon Hydrocarbon Solvents

Several processes progressed to demonstration scales but have not been commercialized, primarily because of economic inabiHty to compete with available petroleum products. The H-Coal process developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. was demonstrated at Catiettsburg, Kentucky using a 545 t/d plant and DOE support. The Exxon donor solvent Hquefaction process was not commercialized either. 

Hydrocarbon (or petroleum) solvents are also used for dry cleaning. From the original Stoddard solvent to Exxon s latest DF 2000 offering, the main drawback has been the fuel potential of hydrocarbon solvents. It was the flammability of Stoddard solvent that turned the industry away from petroleum solvents to the nonflammable halogenated solvents, such as perc, in the first place. Other barriers to the widespread use of petroleum arise over zoning restrictions, taxation, and inevitable regulation related to its use. 

Char Oil Energy Development Process U.S. Department of Energy Exxon Donor Solvent Process fluidized bed combustion hydrogenated anthracene oil hydrogenated phenanthrene oil Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. 

Solvesso 100 is an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent blend, BR 160-178 °C supplied by Exxon Chemical. 

Exxon Chemical and Shell Chemical are the two largest suppliers of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Exxon offers catalytically synthesized isoparaffi-nic solvents under the tradename of Isopar, a family of dearomatized aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents under the trademark of Exxsol, while the tradename Norpar signifies three grades of high content normal paraffinic solvents with... 

Examples of the second approach are described in patents from Union Carbide (42) and Exxon (43), in which the separation is made during or after the preparative carbonization. Aromatic hydrocarbons large enough for anisotropic development, but not to exceed a threshold size, are prepared by the removal of lighter fractions. By the solvent approach, heavy fractions can also be eliminated if they are produced. 

The extrusion aid must easily coat the resin yet be readily removable from the extrudate. It should also not leave a residue which could alter the color of the product. The volatilization temperature of the lubricant should be lower than the sintering temperature of the polymer. The other requirements of lubricants include high purity, low odor, low polar components, high auto-ignition temperature, low surface tension, and low skin irritation. Common lubricants are synthetic isoparaffmic hydrocarbons available in a wide boiling range. Some of the commercial lubricants include Isopar solvents (available from Exxon Corp.), mineral spirits, and VM P Naphtha (available from Shell Corp.). 

AI3-28784 Dipropyimethane EINECS 205-563-8 Eptani Exxsol Heptane Gettysolve-C Heptan Heptane n-Heptane Heptanen Heptyl hydride HSDB 90 NSC 62784 Skellysolve C UN1206. Hydrocarbon derived ohiefly from petroleum. Used as a solvent. Liquid mp = -90.6° bp = 98.5° d = 0.6837 insoluble in H2O, soluble in CCU very soluble in EtOH freely soluble in Et20, Me2CO, CeHe, CHCI3, petroleum ether. Ashland Exxon Humphrey Phillips 66 Texaco. 

Light alkylate naphtha Light alkylation naphtha Naphtha (petroleum), light alkylate Definition Complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by distillation of reaction prods, of isobutane with C3-5 monoolefinic hydrocarbons consists of predominantly C7-10 branched chain sat. hydrocarbons Properties B.p. 90-160 C Uses Solvent diluent chem. feedstock fuel Trade Name Synonyms Isopar C [ExxonMobil http //www. exxonmobilchemical. com, Exxon Canada http //www.imperialoil.com,... 

The dearomatized aliphatic hydrocarbons sold by Exxon under the trademark Exxsol are listed in Table 15.3. These solvents boil in the range of 159-316°C, have moderately high flash points, low surface tensions, low evaporation rates, and high (300 ppm) occupational exposure limits (OEL). The presence of high cycloparaffin (naphthene) content in the Exxsols improves its solvency for certain resins. 

The Isopar isoparaffinic hydrocarbon blends sold by Exxon (Table 15.2) have low odor, selective solvency, good oxidation stability, low electrical conductivity, and low skin irritation. The Isopar solvents are well suited for the manufacture of electrostatic copying fluids, odor-free paints, waterless hand cleaners, and many proprietary household products. The low solvency of these isoparaffinic hydrocarbons for most resins and plastics minimizes any marring of surfaces to which the proprietary formulations are applied. The Isopar... 

The Exxon solvent blends Norpar, Exxsol, and Isopar are exempt under the SARA mandated reporting for solvent releases. The Exxon Aromatic hydrocarbon blends 100, 150 and 200 have only low levels of HAP (e.g.. Aromatic 100 contains 3.4% HAP content). Xylene is listed at 100% active on the HAP list. 

The problem of odour, though not VOC, has been much reduced by the development of vinyl acrylate copolymers which are soluble in low aromatic and de-aromatised hydrocariwns. Pliolite VT and Plioway resins from Goodyear may be used with aromatic free hydrocarbons, such as the Exxsol D series from (Esso / Exxon), or the isoparaffinic, low odour solvents, such as Shellsol T (Shell) or the Isopar range (Esso). 

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