Exxon

The experimental conditions used to determine the CFPP do not exactly reflect those observed in vehicles the differences are due to the spaces in the filter mesh which are much larger in the laboratory filter, the back-pressure and the cooling rate. Also, research is continuing on procedures that are more representative of the actual behavior of diesel fuel in a vehicle and which correlate better with the temperature said to be operability , the threshold value for the Incident. In 1993, the CEN looked at two new methods, one called SFPP proposed by Exxon Chemicals (David et al., 1993), the other called AGELFI and recommended by Agip, Elf and Fina (Hamon et al., 1993). 

Another way in which academic chemists keep in touch with industry is through consulting. During the years I consulted at different times for Exxon, Chevron, Cyanamid, ENICHEM (Italy), and Pechiney-Kuhlman (Erance, when a friend, Lucien Sobel, was a research director). I enjoyed these contacts, because they kept me aware of current industrial developments and interests. At the same time, it was also rewarding to be able to suggest to my industrial friends new approaches and directions that on occasion were useful and resulted in practical applications. 

The first criterion was associated with improved secondary and tertiary petroleum recovery processes. This is the justification for the patent appHcations issued to the Dow (50) and Exxon (51) corporations. The additional costs of production and the increased adsorption of such modified water-soluble polymers are detrimental to the commercial appHcation of such polymers and even the academic studies in this area have decreased in recent years. 

Drew Chemical Corporation (Ashland Chemical, Inc.) Exxon Chemical Company Hercules, Inc. 

Exxal GuerhetMlcohols, Exxon Corporation, Houston, Texas, 1988. 

Exxon Chemical Erance, Hames, Erance 125 /-Cg,C2,Cio / -C2,C i,Ci2,Ci5 polygas olefins, alpha olefins... 

Exxon Chemical Holland, Rozenburg-Europort, Netherlands 200 /-Cg,C2,Cio,Ci2,C g polygas olefins... 

Exxon Chemical, Baton Rouge, La., U.S. 295 /-Cg to polygas olefins, alpha olefins, butene... 

The 0X0 or hydroformylation reaction was discovered in Germany in 1938 (10) and was first used on a commercial scale by the Enjay Chemical Company (now Exxon) in 1948. By 1990 the total world alcohol capacity based on this general technology was over four million metric tons per year (see Oxo... 

Polygas Olefins. Refinery propylene and butenes are polymerized with a phosphoric acid catalyst at 200°C and 3040—6080 kPa (30—60 atm) to give a mixture of branched olefins up to used primarily in producing plasticizer alcohols (isooctyl, isononyl, and isodecyl alcohol). Since the olefins are branched (75% have two or more CH groups) the alcohols are also branched. Exxon, BASE, Ruhrchemie (now Hoechst), ICl, Nissan, Getty Oil, U.S. Steel Chemicals (now Aristech), and others have all used this olefin source. 

A.luminum Jilkyl Chain Growth. Ethyl, Chevron, and Mitsubishi Chemical manufacture higher, linear alpha olefins from ethylene via chain growth on triethyl aluminum (15). The linear products are then used as oxo feedstock for both plasticizer and detergent range alcohols and because the feedstocks are linear, the linearity of the alcohol product, which has an entirely odd number of carbons, is a function of the oxo process employed. Alcohols are manufactured from this type of olefin by Sterling, Exxon, ICI, BASE, Oxochemie, and Mitsubishi Chemical. 

Some 2,000—3,000 t/yr of these specialty alcohols are produced ia the United States (Exxon) and ia Germany (Henkel) (28). Their high Hquidity because of branching permits use of less volatile, higher molecular weight materials, reported to be less irritating than the lower molecular weight linear alcohol materials, ia a variety of cosmetic products (29). 

The EDS process was developed starting from 1976 in a 10-year joint undertaking between DOE and private industry (127). Under the direction of Exxon Co. USA, a 250 t/d pilot plant was operated at Baytown, Texas. Operation of this unit began in 1980 and was completed by late 1982. 

W. R. Eppedy and J. W. Taunton, "Exxon Donor Solvent Coal Liquefaction Process Development," paper presented at Coal Dilemma II ACS Meeting, Colorado Spriags, Colo., Feb. 12, 1979. 

Caloria HT43. Caloria HT 43, manufactured by Exxon Co., is a paraffinic-based oil that is compounded with an oxidation inhibitor. 

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