Processing progress

B. L. SchuJman and P. A. White, "Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires Using the Tosco-11 Process— Progress Report," ACS Symposium Series No. 76, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1978. 

Several processes progressed to demonstration scales but have not been commercialized, primarily because of economic inabiHty to compete with available petroleum products. The H-Coal process developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. was demonstrated at Catiettsburg, Kentucky using a 545 t/d plant and DOE support. The Exxon donor solvent Hquefaction process was not commercialized either. 

Fullwood, R. R. and R.C. Erdmann, 1983, Risks Associated with Nuclear Material Waste Processing, Progress in Nuclear Energy, Pergammon Press Ltd. 

Ray, S.S. and Okamoto, M. 2003. Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposite a review from preparation to processing. Progress in Polymer Science 28 1539-1641. 

If the miscibility gap of Pri+xl2 is temperature dependent (which they usually are), then Prl2 could be a line phase at, say, ambient temperature, i.e., x = 0. Hence, on quenching or when the annealing process progresses, the metastable i+xh phase must release praseodymium metal. This surplus praseodymium metal can be released from both the 3 a (heavily under-occupied) and 3 b (fully occupied) positions combined with site changes from 3 b to 3 a, or not. These... 

P, y-Unsaturated esters (184) have been synthesized by a one-step electrochemical procedure from a-chloroesters (183) and aryl or vinyl halides (Scheme 73b) [294, 295]. This novel electroreductive cross-coupling method is based on the use of a Ni(II)(bpy) catalyst and a sacrificial aluminum anode in a one-compartment cell (Scheme 73). The whole cathodic process progresses at —1.2 V (SCE) (Scheme 73c),... 

Figure 9-5 Sketches of shrinking or growing films and particles, with arrows going dtiier forward or backw d as the process progresses, Reaction is assmned to occiu only at the interface of tile solid with tiie fluid.

The inset of Fig. 5.17 shows a typical current versus time plot obtained during anodization (same conditions as thin film) of a 250 pm thick Ti foil with one face protected with a polymer coating. It can be seen that the current-time behavior is no different from that of the thin films. We note that if both sides of the foil are exposed to anodization the current behavior will be significantly different from that seen in Fig. 5.17. In this case, the changes in the current after the initial dip cannot be discerned due to the anodization process progressing at different levels on both sides of the sample. It was noticed in both thin films and metal foils (Fig. 5.17) that the current shows periodical fluctuations of a small magnitude between point P2 and P5. 

On drawing current from a passivated lithium anode, polarization may be at first severe, but the voltage recovers fairly rapidly (Fig. 4.6). Initially, charge transfer at the anode is limited by lithium ion transport through a thin or imperfect section of the interfacial film. This process progressively... 

Source From Rigg T., Wild, W., Radiation Effect in Solvent Extraction Processes. Progress in Nuclear Energy Series III, Pergamon Press London, Vol. 2, 7-6, 320-331. 1958. 

Burger, L.L. 1958. The decomposition reactions of tributyl phsophate and its diluents and their effect on uranium recovery processes. Progress in Nuclear Energy Series HI Pergamon Press London, Process Chemistry, Vol. 2, 7-5, 307-319. 

Solid Dissolution. The dissolution rate of a solid, whether it be a nondisintegrating compact or a powder, generally decreases with time because of the reduction in surface area as the dissolution proceeds. The familiar cube-root law for dissolution of solids was derived by Hixson and Crowell (1 on the basis of diffusion away from the surface of a spherically-shaped solid. The convex surface of a sphere decreases in area as solid mass is lost from the surface so that the dissolution rate decreases in proportion to the decrease in area until the solid is completely dissolved. By including shape factors, this model has been extended to describe the dissolution of various prismatic forms (2). As in the case of spherical particles, the dissolution rates decrease with time as the dissolution process progresses because of the decrease in area. 

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