Extraction molecularly imprinted polymer

The most widely employed techniques for the extraction of water samples for triazine compounds include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and liquid-solid extraction (LSE). Although most reports involving SPE are off-line procedures, there is increasing interest and subsequently increasing numbers of reports regarding on-line SPE, the goal of which is to improve overall productivity and safety. To a lesser extent, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), supercritical fluid extraction (SEE), semi-permeable membrane device (SPMD), and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) techniques have been reported. 

L.I. Andersson, in Solid Phase Extraction on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Requirements, Achievements and Future Work, S. Piletsky and A. Turner (Eds.), Landes Biosciences, New York, 2006. 

Javier LU, Marazuela MD, Moreno-Bondi MC (2007) Molecularly imprinted polymers applied to the clean-up of zearalenone and a-zearalenol from cereal and swine feed sample extracts. Anal Bioanal Chem 385 1155-1161... 

Currently, perhaps the most promising approach based on the use of molecularly imprinted polymers is solid phase extraction (SPE). Traditionally, when complex samples require a clean-up/enrichment step prior to high-resolution analysis,... 

Synthesis and Characterisation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Streptomycin for Use as Solid Phase Extraction Materials... 

Recent trends in pesticide analysis in food aims for reduced sample pretreatments or simplified methodologies (as QuEChERS approaches), the use of online purification processes, the use of new adsorbents (such as molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) and nanomaterials) for the extraction and clean-up processes, and focused on the development of large multiresidue methods, most of them based on LC-MS/ MS. In spite of the relevant role of LC-MS/MS, GC-MS-based methods still play an important role in pesticide analysis in food. Despite the development achieved in the immunochemical approaches, the need for multi-residue methods has supported the development and use of instrumental techniques. 

W. M. Mullett, P. Martin, and J. Pawliszyn, In-Tube Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Selective Determination of Propranolol, Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 2383 N. Masque, R. M. Marce, F. Borrull, P. A. G. Cormack, and D. C. Sherrington, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Solid-Phase Extraction of 4-Nitrophenol from Environmental Water, Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 4122. 

Abstract Most analytical applications of molecularly imprinted polymers are based on their selective adsorption properties towards the template or its analogs. In chromatography, solid phase extraction and electrochromatography this adsorption is a dynamic process. The dynamic process combined with the nonlinear adsorption isotherm of the polymers and other factors results in complications which have limited the success of imprinted polymers. This chapter explains these problems and shows many examples of successful applications overcoming or avoiding the problems. 

Andersson LI (2001) Selective solid-phase extraction of bio- and environmental samples using molecularly imprinted polymers. Bioseparation 10(6) 353—364... 

Masque N, Marce RM, Borrull F (2001) Molecularly imprinted polymers new tailor-made materials for selective solid-phase extraction. TrAC, Trends Anal Chem 20(9) 477 186... 

Tamayo FG, Turiel E, Martin-Esteban A (2007) Molecularly imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction recent developments and future trends. J Chromatogr A 1152(l-2) 32 i0... 

Pichon V, Haupt K (2006) Affinity separations on molecularly imprinted polymers with special emphasis on solid-phase extraction. J Liq Chromatogr Related Technol 29(7—8) 989—1023... 

Caro E et al (2006) Application of molecularly imprinted polymers to solid-phase extraction of compounds from environmental and biological samples. TrAC, Trends Anal Chem 25(2) 143-154... 

Caro E et al (2002) Non-covalent and semi-covalent molecularly imprinted polymers for selective on-line solid-phase extraction of 4-nitrophenol from water samples. J Chromatogr A 963(1-2) 169-178... 

Koeber R et al (2001) Evaluation of a multidimensional solid-phase extraction platform for highly selective on-line cleanup and high-throughput LC-MS analysis of triazines in river water samples using molecularly imprinted polymers. Anal Chem 73(11) 2437-2444... 

Chapuis F et al (2003) Optimization of the class-selective extraction of triazines from aqueous samples using a molecularly imprinted polymer by a comprehensive approach of the retention mechanism. J Chromatogr A 999( 1—2) 23—33... 

Chapuis F et al (2004) Retention mechanism of analytes in the solid-phase extraction process using molecularly imprinted polymers - application to the extraction of triazines from complex matrices. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 804(1) 93-101... 

Cobb Z, Sellergren B, Andersson LI (2007) Water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for efficient direct injection on-line solid-phase extraction of ropivacaine and bupivacaine from human plasma. Analyst 132(12) 1262—1271... 

STEVENSON D (1999), Molecular imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction , Trends Anal Chem, 18, 154-159. 

There are several future trends for the development of passive sampling techniques. The first is the development of devices that can be used to monitor emerging environmental pollutants. Recently, attention has shifted from hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants to compounds with a medium-to-high polarity, for example, polar pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.82 147148 Novel materials will need to be tested as selective receiving phases (e.g., ionic liquids, molecularly imprinted polymers, and immunoadsorbents), together with membrane materials that permit the selective diffusion of these chemicals. The sample extraction and preconcentration methods used for these devices will need to be compatible with LC-MS analytical techniques. 

While the above-described sorbents are essentially nonspecific and designed to allow extraction of a wide range of analytes, there are also sorbent phases that are selective toward individual analytes, or at least classes of analytes. These are immunoaffinity (IA) sorbents and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). In the first case, antibodies are immobilized on the solid support used for extraction, and the selective (in the ideal case specific) biochemical interactions allow an antigen to bind selectively to the antibody, whereas the other sample constituents are not retained and... 

Zhu, Q. Z., P. Degelmann, R. Niessner, and D. Knopp. 2002. Selective trace analysis of sulfonylurea herbicides in water and soil samples based on solid-phase extraction using a molecularly imprinted polymer. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 5411-5420. 

Caro, E., R.M. Marce, P.S.G. Cormack, D.C. Sherrington, and F. Borrull. 2003. On-line solid-phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers to selectively extract substituted 4-chlorophenols and 4-nitrophenol from water. J. Chromatogr. A 995 233-238. 

Sellergren, B. (2001) Molecularly imprinted polymers in solid-phase extractions. In Lanza, F. (Ed.) Molecularly Imprinted Polymers-Man-made Mimics of Antibodies and Their Applications in Analytical Chemistrf. Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 23, Elsevier, Amsterdam, NL. 

Molecularly imprinted polymers in solid phase extractions... 

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