Extract table

Fission Product Extraction. Tables IV and V list the distribution ratios for most of the fission products produced in spent fuel. Also included are corrosion products Cr, Fe, and Ni. Extractant concentrations for DHDECMP, HHDECMP, and 0c >D[IB]CMP0 were selected on the basis of data in Figure 2. The aqueous acidity... 

After 15 days, the plants were harvested and the length of tops and roots were measured. Each treatment was replicated four times. Rape and blrdsfoot trefoil seedlings growing in nutrient solution containing extracts of fescue leaves and roots had shorter shoots and roots than when grown without these extracts (Table III). Ex-... 

Published evidence highlights the efficacy of SFE. However, the method is highly matrix and analyte dependent and must be optimised for each combination of material and analyte. Interaction between analyte and matrix is often difficult to predict and optimisation of the extraction procedure is not simple. Understanding of the processes that occur during SFE has lagged behind instrumental developments. The results obtained from SFE are highly dependent on the operational parameters used during the extraction (Table 3.19). 

The use of BRMs to treat human disease has its origins in the use of bacterial toxins to treat cancer by William B. Coley.73 These early studies resulted in the use of microbi-ally-derived substances such as BCG, Picibanil, carbohydrates from plants or fungi such as Krestin and Lentinan, other products such as Biostim and Broncho-Vaxom, as well as thymic extracts (Table 9.4). However, the lot-to-lot variation in the manufacture of these drugs has dampened enthusiasm. Equally, the focus on MOAs in drug development strategies has also dampened developmental efforts. The particulate nature of some BRMs can also result in pulmonary thrombosis and respiratory distress following i.v. injection. However, BRMs are commonly used to treat bladder cancer and derivatives of natural products are routinely used clinically. 

Six snakes were tested with airborne odors from earthworm wash, fish water, live earthworm, dE O, amyl acetate and lemon extract (Table 33.1). Tongue-flick rates increase during odorant delivery compared to before or after odorant delivery (Halpern et al. 1997 Halpern and Kubie 1983 Zuri and Halpern 2003). 

The recovery of Oxamyl from soil samples was checked by adding known volumes of standard solutions of Oxamyl to the sample before extraction (Table 9.10) Mean recoveries of Oxamyl from the samples fortified over the range 0.02-0.4mg kg-1 varied from 87-96%. The recovery of Oxamyl was similar at all of the fortification levels tested, except that there was more variation at the very low levels. 

The organic phase indudes aliphatic as well as aromatic adds, alcohols, esters, ethers, sugars and extractives (Table 6.3). Approximately 70 wt.% of the oil has been identified. The molecular weight of the individual components ranges from 18 up to 2000 gram mol-1. In some cases, the oil is an emulsion at microscopic level [58]. 

In order to determine if the diminish of ethylenic double bond of the polymer by the attack of nitrene occurs, the ratio of IR absorbances due to v(C=C) of ethylenic double bond(3100cm-1) and due to v(CH) of alkane(2990cm-l) has been determined for the unirradiated film, irradiated film, benzene extract and Soxhlet extract(Table 3). 

Among almost 70 plant extracts (Table 6.5), seven-eight plants were found potential cytotoxic active, and their extracts were subjected for fractionation and isolation of pure compounds, and then over 300 fractions and 35 pure compounds were searched for ovarian cytotoxic activity against A2780 human ovarian cell lines. 

The rhodium loss to the product phase was investigated by ICP-OES spectrometry. In all cases very low catalyst leaching can be observed and less than 1.5% of the rhodiiun is extracted (Table 12). The catalyst loss can be correlated to the polarity and the solubiUty of the mediator s3 in the product phase s2. The less polar s3, the more s3 is dissolved in s2 and the more catalyst is lost. 

Levels of extractables in the unwashed, washed with finish, and washed without finish stocks were determined. Finish level as determined by ethyl alcohol extraction was 0.7%. Washing did not reduce wax content but did significantly reduce ethyl-alcohol and boiling-water extractables (Table IV). Dust level generated in carding was reduced about 50% by the washing treatment and was about the same whether or not the finish has been applied. Fiber properties were not affected by the washing treatments. (Table V). 

In addition to pertechnetate various complex compounds of lower valent technetium can be extracted (Table 7). 

Table 10.4 gives critical data for the most common solvents used in high-pressure extraction. Table 10.5 illustrates the favorable mass transport properties that can be achieved in the supercritical area owing to a low viscosity and a high diffusivity, compared with the liquid phase. 

Column Chromatography of Crude Toxin. The WSAP obtained from culture 350F was retained in the crude state for assay. The 266.2 mg of WSAP obtained from 350G was treated on successive columns of silicic acid, DEAE cellulose, and Sephadex G-15 and yielded a single semipurified toxic product (GT-4) of 23.1 mg or 9% of the starting crude extract (Table I). 

Saponification TVials. Factors varied to improve extraction (Table 1). Tkble 1. Factors varied in optimization process. 

A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with monitoring of hypericin and pseudohypericin plasma concentrations was performed to evaluate the increase in dermal photosensitivity in humans after application of high doses of SJW extract (Table 2) (73). The study was divided into a single-dose and a multiple-dose part. In the single dose crossover study, each of the 13 volunteers received either placebo or 900, 1800, or 3600 mg of the SJW extract LI 160. Maximum total hypericin plasma concentrations were observed about four hours after dosage and were 0, 28, 61, and 159ng/mL, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters had a dose relationship that appeared to follow linear kinetics (73). 

Schoenmakers et al. [72] analyzed two representative commercial rubbers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and detected more than 100 different compounds. The rubbers, mixtures of isobutylene and isoprene, were analyzed after being cryogenically grinded and submitted to two different extraction procedures a Sohxlet extraction with a series of solvents and a static-headspace extraction, which entailed placing the sample in a 20-mL sealed vial in an oven at 110°C for 5,20, or 50 min. Although these are not the conditions to which pharmaceutical products are submitted, the results may give an idea of which compounds could be expected from these materials. Residual monomers, isobutylene in the dimeric or tetrameric form, and compounds derived from the scission of the polymeric chain were found in the extracts. Table 32 presents an overview of the nature of the compounds identified in the headspace and Soxhlet extracts of the polymers. While the liquid-phase extraction was able to extract less volatile compounds, the headspace technique was able to show the presence of compounds with low molecular mass... 

Rapeseed. Methods employed in processing of rapeseed protein products influence emulsion capacities (48, 49). Kodagoda et al. (48) showed that rapeseed protein isolates from water extracts emulsified more oil than isolates from acid or alkali extracts (Table VIII). Rapeseed isolates emulsified more oil than their concentrate counterparts. Rapeseed isolates and concentrates from acid extracts were far superior in emulsion stability to rapeseed protein products from water or alkali extracts. 

Analytical methods for monitoring the compounds were developed or modified to permit the quantification of all 23 compounds of interest. As noted earlier, the compounds were initially studied in small-scale extractions by groups. This approach assured minimal interferences in the analyses conducted during the initial supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extractions. Table II summarizes the data on the recovery of organics from aqueous samples containing the compounds of interest at concentration levels listed in Table I when the sample preparation techniques and analytical methods described were used. For each experimental run, blank and spiked aqueous samples were carried through the sample prepration and analytical finish steps to ensure accurate and reproducible results. Analyses of sodium, calcium, and lead content were also conducted on selected samples by using standard atomic ab-... 

Complete Treatment Line. The Wilcoxon test was applied to compare mutagenic activity before RSF and after complete treatment lines. Treatment line 4 with chlorine dioxide disinfection significantly decreased the mutagenic activity of the DCM extract. No other statistically significant differences were observed for any other treatment lines from data on DCM or MeOH extracts (Table VI). 

T. Urbanski, Kwiatkowski and Miladowski [63] examined the decomposition of nitroglycerine at 110°C and found the following figures for the pH of the aqueous extracts (Table 14) ... 

Regardless of the solvent utilized, the extraction may take place at a high temperature (reflux) or at room temperature. In order to ensure complete extraction, the process is repeated four or five times until a colorimetric test confirms that no sugars remain in the final extract. Table 3 summarizes some of the most important problems encountered in the extraction step. 

Determination may be also affected by the choice of solvent to be used for extraction. Table 8 presents SPA in decreasing order of polarity. 

The Anelli oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones has been accomplished using polymer-supported nitroxyl radical catalysts. The practicality of removing polymer-supported reagents by filtration to simplify product purification is highlighted by these examples. Bolm and coworkers11 demonstrated that a silica-supported nitroxyl catalyst is easily filtrated after use from the reaction solution, recovered and recycled, and the residual inorganic salts present in the reaction mixture are separated from the organic product by aqueous extraction (Table II, entry 7). 

Gas chromatography has been used extensively for the determination of phenoxyacetic acid-type herbicides in soil extracts (Table 4.9). 

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