Expertise

Mark Graham has worked for 14 years with major international service and oil companies in Egypt, Dubai, Brunei, the Netherlands and the UK, prior to co-founding TRACS International. His areas of expertise include petrophysics and asset evaluation. He is Director of the training division of TRACS International and is also responsible for all TRACS projects in the FSU. 

Our expertise go from aeousties, material charaeteristies, teehnical audits to telecommunications, vibrations monitoring, etc... 

Laborelec is the Belgian laboratory for the electricity industry. It deals with measuring and studying problems arising with the production, transport and distribution of electricity to industrial and private customers. It has developed very diverse domains of expertise, such as acoustics, material characteristics, technical audits to telecommunications, vibrations monitoring, etc... 

HyperChem should not he viewed as a black box that computes on ly wb at its design ers th ougb L correct, tthasan open architecture that makes it possible to customize it many ways. As far as is possible, the parameters of molecular mechanics and semi-empir-ieal calculations are in the user s baruis. As the tech n ic ues of software engineering advance and onr expertise in building new... 

My faculty colleagues of the Institute also bring great expertise in the areas of anionic, cationic, and radical polymerization to the transformation of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons into macromole-... 

Multiphase and nonequilibrium simulations are extremely difficult. These usually entail both a large amount of computing resources and a lot of technical expertise on the part of the researcher. Readers of this book are urged to refer such projects to specialists in this area. 

The calculation of reaction rates has not seen as the widespread use as the calculation of molecular geometries. In recent years, it has become possible to compute reaction rates with reasonable accuracy. However, these calculations require some expertise on the part of the researcher. This is partly because of the difficulty in obtaining transition structures and partly because reaction rate algorithms have not been integrated into major computational chemistry programs and thus become automated. 

Creating completely new basis sets is best left to professionals because it requires a very large amount of technical expertise. To be more correct, anyone could... 

There is no combination of chemical or physical analyses which can, or is ever likely to, replace human sensory evaluation completely. Sensory examination of wines employs two major approaches detecting differences and evaluating quaUty or, more briefly, analytical and hedonic (16,19). The former can be objective and the latter is inevitably somewhat subjective regardless of the expertise of the judges. 

The next step in the procedure is to form a committee comprised of people with expertise specific to the process and chemistry involved. The committee could also include an industrial hygienist, an environmentalist, the process operators, a consultant, and others. The committee should not contain more than a dozen individuals. 

The most effective specification is that which accomplishes the desired result with the fewest requirements. Properties and performance should be emphasized rather than how the objectives ate to be achieved. Excessive demonstration of emdition on the part of the writer or failure to recognize the usually considerable processing expertise held by the vendor results in a lengthy and overly detailed document that generally is counterproductive. Redundancy may lead to technical inconsistency. A requirement that cannot be assessed by a prescribed test method or quantitative inspection technique never should be included in the specifications. Wherever possible, tests should be easy to perform and highly correctable with service performance. Tests that indicate service life are especially useful. Standard test references, eg, ASTM methods, ate the most desirable, and those that ate needed should be selected carefully and the numbers of such references should be minimized. To eliminate unnecessary review activity by the would-be complier, the description of a standard test should not be paraphrased or condensed unless the original test is referenced. 

Operational Constraints and Problems. Synthetic ammonia manufacture is a mature technology and all fundamental technical problems have been solved. However, extensive know-how in the constmction and operation of the faciUties is required. Although apparendy simple in concept, these facihties are complex in practice. Some of the myriad operational parameters, such as feedstock source or quaUty, change frequendy and the plant operator has to adjust accordingly. Most modem facihties rely on computers to monitor and optimize performance on a continual basis. This situation can produce problems where industrial expertise is lacking. 

One was a water-moderated and water-cooled pressurized reactor the other was a Hquid-metal-cooled iatermediate neutron energy reactor. A land-based prototype submafine power plant called Mark I was built and tested at the National Reactor Testing Station. Argonne National Laboratory provided scientific data and Bettis Laboratory of Westinghouse Electric Corp. suppHed engineering expertise. 

Ia the 1990s robotics guided by artificial iateUigeace are expected to play a role comparable to that of electronics in the 1940s and 1950s (6). Expert systems, which are knowledge-based systems that can effectively represent and apply factual knowledge in specific areas of human expertise, seem ideaUy suited to robot supervision. 

Japan held 37.5% of the world antibiotic market ki 1988, the USA 23.2%, Italy 8.0%, the United Kingdom 5.4%, Germany 3.6%, and other countries 22.3% (20). The disproportionate size of the Japanese market is in part a consequence of the inherent strengths of Japanese industry which include expertise in fermentation technology and intensive chemical manipulation of known stmctures. In addition, antibiotic prescribing in Japan is extremely popular among doctors as a result of the Japanese reimbursement system. 

Idea-Generation Meeting. This meeting has the foUowiag guidelines gather people with expertise and experience, discuss the as-it-is balance for each area, record all ideas, and assign foUow-up responsibiUties. 

The analytical research and development (R D) unit is often responsible for the preparation and vahdation of test methods. The R D lab is not faced with the same pressures for rapid analysis as the QC unit, where pending results often hold up production. In addition, R D often assigns personnel to specific instmments or techniques, whereas QC generally requires technicians to perform varied analyses. This leads to an expertise on the part of analytical chemists and technicians which is difficult to duphcate in QC. Therefore the R D test method should be mgged enough to withstand the different environment of the QC lab and stiU provide vahd results. 

State-of-the-art equipment (2) leverage competencies, expertise, and resources across the firm ia an affordable way, ensuring knowledge flow ia shared areas of technical competencies (J) explore and develop new technologies, competencies, and busiaess options beyond the constraints of iadividual busiaesses (4) maintain a longer-term focus, separate from the day-to-day concerns of the business and (5) provide access to the world s best hires, technology leaders, consultants, and collaborators. 

A study conducted at BeU Labs revealed that the real difference between star and average workers was not IQ but the way top performers do their job. One of nine key work strategies was networking getting direct and immediate access to co-workers with technical expertise and sharing one s own knowledge with those who need it (61). 

The principal objective of technical service in the chemical industry is to provide timely and professional information and support to downstream customers regarding chemical products and thek uses. It is neither cost-effective nor necessary for a consumer of chemical products to develop a staff of speciahsts having detailed expertise in all aspects of chemical raw materials and thek uses, particularly in a time of increa singly complex and rapidly technologically driven economies. Rather, this variety of expertise is provided in the chemical marketplace by technical service professionals whose knowledge and skills are made available by chemical products suppHers. As such, successful chemical companies provide technical service as a critical element of thek offerings to the marketplace making use of this aspect of the value chain to enhance thek competitiveness. 

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