Interdisciplinary expertise

Interdisciplinary expertise is necessary to put the system into practice. From the perspective of bioengineers, the focus will be on developing various types of front-end sensors and medical devices, especially miniaturized, integrated. 

In this chapter, we will discuss the present status of CHIRBASE and describe the various ways in which two (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) chemical structure queries can be built and submitted to the searching system. In particular, the ability of this information system to locate and display neighboring compounds in which specified molecular fragments or partial structures are attached is one of the most important features because this is precisely the type of query that chemists are inclined to express and interpret the answers. Another aspect of the project has been concerned with the interdisciplinary use of CHIRBASE. We have attempted to produce a series of interactive tools that are designed to help the specialists or novices from different fields who have no particular expertise in chiral chromatography or in searching a chemical database. 

Nanotechnology and surface science In recent decades, for example, the application of nanoscience and nanotechnology has developed since the molecular studies of surfaces at nanoscale have reached a much higher level. Nanotechnology is now a popular topic in materials science, and other areas are also emerging. It has deserved this popularity because of its interdisciplinary character, calling for expertise in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Many materials properties are studied in detail. 

Within firms, the hybrid or matrix concept has become increasingly fashionable in pharmaceutical companies. Project teams are created that comprise membership from departments with specific technical, organizational, and management expertise. Such teams form and dissolve as the need arises. In principle, advantages of the matrix structure include cross-disciplinary enrichment of the team s activities and crossfertilization of expertise. Disadvantages of the matrix system include a relative lack of professional development for specific technical expertise for each team member, the potential for cross-departmental rivalry, and competition for each team member s time based on the needs of the interdisciplinary project versus those of his/her technical "home" department (Verona and Ravasi 2003). These multi-functional teams have the potential to increase bureaucracy and delay innovation. At least on a small scale, it may be better to solve a problem with two people rather than with ten. 

Its aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required for chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science. 

The RAND Corporation assembled an interdisciplinary research team to conduct this analysis. In addition to regional experts, the team included those with expertise in economics, business, political science, weapons proliferation, and terrorism. Additionally, some outside experts with unique knowledge briefed the RAND research team. 

New methods of inter-active ways of debating issues, including perceived costs and benefits of specific measures must also be developed and fed into policy decisions. Discussions and decisions in the context of risk issues are interdisciplinary and must be tackled across boundaries of expertise for an intensive exchange of ideas. Risk communicators should be aware of and remember the different risk perspectives and take them into account in Iheir risk communication efforts. 

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