Experimental testing procedures

These experimental test procedures, together with calculations of the acid-producing potential (APP) and acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), are characteristic tools for the medium- and long-term prediction of metal release from all types of waste materials. Application of such prognostic tool will become even more important, when the rate of waste material utilization/ recycling is enhanced (in Germany up to 100% by the year 2020), and will intensify the contact of the secondary products with the soil environment. 

Great care should be taken in any mutation screening program to increase the objectivity of the data collection by such devices as double-blind scoring of control and treated series. Preliminary pilot studies should be run to determine the effect of various concentrations of the tested chemical on the fertility as well as the viability of the tested individual. If the effect is markedly adverse and if the experimental test procedure permits, the number of treated parents and the number of untreated mates should be adjusted so that more nearly equal numbers of progeny, and hence a more nearly uniform nutritional environment, will obtain in the treated and control series. 

The Coefficient of Variation (CVj) for the totai ana-iyticai and sampiing method in the range of 17.5-70.0 mg/ cu m was 0.073. This vaiue corresponds to a 3.3 mg/cu m standard deviation at the (previous) OSHA standard level (20 ppm). Statistical information and details of the validation and experimental test procedures can be found in Reference 11.2. 

The best procedure for making plate-efficiency corrections (which obviously can be quite large) is to use experimental-test data from a prototype system that is large enough to be representative of an acliial commercial tower. 

Although all the underlying assumptions (local linearity, statistical independence, etc.) are rarely satisfied, Bartlett s jf-test procedure has been found adequate in both simulated and experimental applications (Dumez et al., 1977 Froment, 1975). However, it should be emphasized that only the x2-test and the F-test are true model adequacy tests. Consequently, they may eliminate all rival models if none of them is truly adequate. On the other hand, Bartlett s x2-test does not guarantee that the retained model is truly adequate. It simply suggests that it is the best one among a set of inadequate models ... 

The design for the surface water-collector system is determined by an allowable flow rate divided by a required flow rate. Allowable rates for geocomposites are determined experimentally by exactly the same method as for geonets. The specific cross section used in the test procedure should replicate the intended design as closely as possible. For the required flow rate, Darcy s law or HELP36 37 can be used. Then the design-by-function concept is used to determine the DR, or FS. 

Hydrothermal stability (HTS). The stability of the chlorinated resins was determined by a test procedure described in the experimental. The resin according to the standard test is treated with water in a sealed flask at 200 °C for 24 hours to determine the loss in acid functionality and additionally, the level of chlorine released into the aqueous phase. 

Several articles with informative bibliographies covering formation protection additives have appeared recently(97,101,102). The exact rock formation sample in question, the ionic strength of the treatment fluid, the preventive additives that are present, the pH of the fluid, and the test procedure employed all have significant effects on the test results. However, with careful experimentation using representative materials a preventive additive package can be administered as part of a water-based fracture treatment to allow effective stimulation of most hydrocarbon reservoirs. Because of this, water-based fracturing fluids are used in approximately 90% of all fracture treatments performed today. 

Also, the test procedure (protocol) is fundamental because it allows comparing results from different laboratories and from different experimental sets. Moreover, selected test protocol could affect the interpretation of the results, the information content and its application in the safety evaluation process, as stated by Frazer if the biological system is exposed to a test chemical for 24 h and the endpoint assay is immediately conducted, the data produced would be most relevant to the acute toxicity of the test material. If, on the other hand, the system is exposed to material for 24 h and the system is cultured in the absence of the test material for additional 48 h before the endpoint assay is conducted, the data would be more relevant to recovery from toxicity rather than acute toxicity [7]. 

Rodriguez LC, Garcia RB, Garcia Campana AM, Bosque Sendra JM (1998) A new approach to a complete robustness test of experimental nominal conditions of chemical testing procedures for internal analytical quality assessment. Chemom Intell Lab Syst 41 57... 

Apparatus and Procedure Flow Reactor for Activity and Selectivity Measurements The experimental apparatus, testing procedures and... 

The ruggedness of a method can be tested using two types of experimental designs. Procedure related factors at the one hand are examined mainly in screening designs of the Plackett-Burman or... 

S.W. Sun, Experimental and statistical approach for validating a test procedure in a pharmaceutical formulation, Ph. D. thesis, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculty de Pharmacie, Montpellier, 1993. 

Extensive experimental testing was performed on IM6/3100 to obtain longitudinal and transverse stiffnesses and major Poisson s ratio as a function of degree of cure. A detailed explanation of the test procedure can be found in [5], The model predictions and experimental results for this material system are shown in Figures 8.11-8.13. From these relations the lamina stiffnesses Qy can be obtained from... 

The experimental setup and the testing procedures specifically needed for the dynamic kinetic investigation will be discussed in the following sections, as well as the relevant methods for data analysis and for parameter estimation. 

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