Examples of water soluble

Figure 3.55. Examples of water-.soluble phosphine ligands.

Figure 10.12 Examples of water-soluble dyes used in ink-jet printing...

Table I. Examples of Water-Soluble Polymers Used as Drug Delivery Matrices...

Figure 5.10 Some examples of water-soluble porphyrin ligands [29]...

Fig. 10.3 Examples of water-soluble derivatized fullerenes with 1, 3, and 18 carboxyl groups attached (Reprinted from Bosi et al., 2003. With permission from Elsevier)...

I8-Cascade methano-Cgo-ftiIIerene[2] 2-aza-7-oxa-3,8-dioxooctylidene) (2-aza 3-oxopentyIidyne) propanic acid is water soluble. Other examples of water soluble fullerenes are described (2,3)-... 

Table 1 Types of polar groups in typical examples of water soluble polymers...

The sodium salts and the acids of poly-3(2-ethanesul-fonate) thiophene and poly-3-(4-butanesulfonate) thiophene are the first known examples of water soluble CPs many other examples of water-soluble, self-doped CPs are given in recent reviews. Indeed, it is well known that the incorporation of highly soluble sulfonate groups on the CP backbone is a common method of achieving water solubility in a doped CP. The two most popular routes are the use of sulfonated polymeric dopants and the polymerization of sulfonated monomers. 

The first examples of water-soluble alkylphosphines that were capable of promoting Suzuki couplings of aryl bromides in aqueous solvents at room-temperature were monodentate phosphines 98 and 99 (Scheme 1.64). Catalysts derived from them showed high activity towards aryl bromides, with TONs up to 10 000 at rt, which increased up to 734 000 at 80 °C, while the more sterically demanding ligand 99 gave catalysts with a superior activity towards aryl... 

The chemistry of transition metal dihydrogen complexes, such as formed in Eq. (1) is in the focus of very intensive studies [13, 14] and such complexes were shown to be involved in the mechanism of several hyrogenation processes [15]. Despite this fact, their role in aqueous-phase hydrogenations is largely unexplored, although examples of water-soluble (or water-stable) dihydrogen complexes are known [16, 17]. Reaction (1) does not involve the change of the oxidation state of... 

Figure 2.75 Functionalized flillerene materials may be employed in biological or electronic applications, (a) Examples of water-soluble derivatives of flillerene that might be suitable for medical uses (b) solar cells with their active layer consisting of a Cjo-composite.

Figure 1.8. Examples of water-soluble azo polyelectrolytes, which can be used in the preparation of photoactive polyelectrolyte multilayers.

Our published articles focused on using carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate, as ligands for cellulose derivative-metal complexes. These derivatives are examples of water-soluble cellulose ethers and solvent-soluble cellulose esters, respectively. The micro-analyses, electronic and IR-spectra, and magnetic susceptibility measurements were used as tools for studying the nature of the chemical structures of cellulose ethers complexes with some transition metals [10-16], while electrical and thermal analyses were carried out to identify the functional properties of cellulose ether provided from chelation with metal ions [17-20]. 

Now that it has been clearly established that Upase hydrolyzes only water-insoluble substrates in a heterogeneous system (6), any method proposing the use of a water-soluble substrate must be rejected. Examples of water-soluble substrates that have been used are the Tweens (189,190) and p-nitrophenyl aeetate and p-nitrophenyl butyrate (191). In fact an entirely different enzyme appears to hydrolyze the Tweens it has been purified from pancreas (192) and been termed a Tweenase (193). An enzyme catalyzing a rapid rate of hydrolysis of Tweens has also been purified from rat adipose tissue (194). 

It is well known that it is difficult to achieve miscibility of two polymers. However, it is often possible to obtain apparently stable solutions in which two polymers are dissolved without phase separation. Examples of water-soluble polymers that were mixed with PVA and spun by wetspinning are polyacrylic acid, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, various proteins, and polyvinyl aminoacetals. The most common objective of mixed-spinning was the modification of dyeing properties, but this method is also applied to modify many other properties of PVA fiber. 

Water-soluble organic polymers are of considerable commercial importance, whereas few examples of water-soluble metal-containing polymers have been reported. Both cationic and anionic water-soluble polyferrocenylsilanes have been prepared by a variety of different synthetic methodologies [132-138]. These materials are of potential interest as electrode materials and as redox-active polymeric electrolytes, the ionic conductivity of which might be tuned by oxidation of the iron centers. Based on the potential formation of micellar aggregates, these materials may also prove useful as redox-active encapsulation agents [139]. Furthermore, various water-soluble ferrocenium salts have been shown to display anti-cancer activity [140]. 

Table 2.8. Some Examples of Water Soluble Photoinitiators...

The alkanetriol may be a straight chain type or branched chain type. Examples of water-soluble alkanetriols are glycerol, or 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 3-methylpentane-l,3,5-triol (11). These compounds are shown in Figure 3.3. 

Figure 9.1 Examples of water-soluble phosphine ligands 18-21 for Sonogashira reactions performed in aqueous media [69-72].

The concept of self-doped conducting polymers was proposed some years ago with the synthesis of poly(3-thiophene-j8-ethanesulfonate) and poly(3-thiophene 5-butanesulfonate) (61) [278]. In these systems the charge-compensating anion is covalently bound to the polymeric backbone consequently, instead of anion incorporation, charge compensation upon doping involves the expulsion of cationic species. Furthermore, due to the presence of the sulfonate group, these polymers are the first examples of water-soluble PHCs. The polymers described in Ref. 278 were... 

Lurtotecan (GL147211C, 7-[(4-methylpiperazine)methyl]-10,l l-(ethylenedioxy)-CPT, 13) is another example of water-soluble, synthetic derivative of CPT bearing a dioxalane moiety between C-10 and C-11 [28-30, 278], The antitumor activity of lurtotecan in Phase II trial was moderate in breast cancer patients and minimal in nrai-small-cell lung cancer patients, and no clear responses were obtained in colorectal patients [278], Better results were observed with the use of liposomal lurtotecan formulation. Such prepared drug exhibited superior levels of activity and higher therapeutic index in prechnical models [279, 280], Its clinical activity has also been confirmed in treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer [28],... 

This initial finding triggered research activity on the synthesis of polymers containing PTA and PTA-derivatives [152-155]. Recently, a new and interesting example of water-soluble Ru-Ru-Au organo-heterometallic polymer [ (PTA)2CpRu-/x-CN-RuCp(PTA)2 -/r-Au(CN)4] (Fig. 29.7) was presented. This water-soluble MBOP is constituted by... 

Typical examples of water-soluble block copolymers containing at least one non-ionic sequence are listed in Table 7.6. 

Some examples of water-soluble ligands that have been used in catalytic oxidations with oxygen or hydrogen peroxide are shown in Fig. 7.1. Because much of this research falls into the category of biomimetic oxidations, water-soluble porphyrins and the structurally related phthalocyanines and other tetradentate nitrogen ligands, such as the tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML), have been widely used. 

Table4.15 Additional Examples of Water Soluble Polymer Blends ...

---