European members

COST has developed into one of the largest frameworks for research cooperation in Europe and is a valuable mechanism for coordinating national research activities in Europe. Today it has almost 200 actions and involves nearly 30,000 scientists from 32 European member countries and more than 50 participating institutions from 11 nonniember countries. 

The monitoring of organic farms in Europe and North America is relatively well-established. However, as Herrmann and Heid (2000) pointed out, several European member states are voicing doubts about the reliability of control mechanisms among groups of small farmers in Latin America, Africa and Asia. 

Finally, the examination of Chilocorus renipustulatus, a European member of the Chilocorus genus, led to the isolation and structure determination of chilocorine D (22), a new heptacyclic alkaloid constituted of a hippodamine moiety linked to a modified octahydro-azaacenaphthylene skeleton encompassing a seven-membered ring [36]. 

This group of compounds disrupt the uptake of adrenal hormones by nerve cells and stimulate the cardiovascular system. When they are used over a prolonged period, three to four months, they also induce a redistribution of fat to muscle tissue. This group of compounds has been used illegally as feed additives in some European member states as an alternative to the banned hormonal growth promoters. However, the quality of the meat produced where these compounds have been used, is of a poor quality. 

The PED has definitely the merit that it supersedes, from a legal perspective, the very many old local codes in all European member states, codes such as BS (UK), ISPESL (Italy), TUV (Germany), Stoomwezen (the Netherlands), and UDT (Poland). Compliance with PED allows the manufacturer to CE mark their product as required by the European Union (EU) and is an assurance for the end-users that the selected material to protect their systems is in accordance to the law. Manufacturers approvals, however, are limited in time and need to be renewed regularly, which is an additional guarantee. Therefore, even with the most reputable manufacturers, it is always wise to check the status of the approvals to make sure they have not expired. 

All pressure relief valves (PRVs) set at 15 psi (1.03 barg) or greater will be manufactured and certified according to ASME for the United States and Canada or set at or above 0.5 barg for European member states. 

An absolute, unbreakable price ceiling could only be established if an appropriate government institution agreed to provide an unlimited supply of permits to the EU ETS at a fixed price, which would be difficult to align with the commitment of European Member States to their cap under Kyoto.44 With only 10% of the allowances available to auction in phase II, there is no practical way in which auctions could set an unbreakable price ceiling, but auctioning could reduce the risk of... 

VECAP has seen significant successes and was subsequently implemented in five other European Member States, North America, Japan, and other parts of Asia. It has expanded to reduce release potential of other flame-retardants to the environment, including phosphorus flame-retardants. This program is not only a flame-retardant program it is a model program for all polymer additives. Companies participating in VECAP follow a cycle of continuous improvement. This starts with a commitment to the Code of Good Practice and verification of the actual... 

There is a growing chemical trade between Germany and several East European Member States [318, 330]. 

At the beginning of 1995 the MEB changed its policy with regard to precliniccil safety data of the SPC. The MEB had previously followed the practice that in this item animal experimental toxicity data are included only if these data are relevant for the prescriber. There is a discrepancy here with other European Member States. In order to remove this discrepcmcy the MEB has proposed the following requirement regcirding the inclusion of animal experimental data ... 

The ECE was established by the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 1947 and consists of the Eastern and Western European Members of the United Nations, the United States and Canada (1). 

This example illustrates the often issue-based and ad hoc approach to setting national environmental legislation. In recent times, a more integrated assessment has been adopted and the regulatory agencies in the UK have regulatory duties that cover air, land and water to reflect this holistic approach. This model has not been followed by many other European Member States. 

Chemical Abstracts Competent Authority (regulatory body charged with monitoring compliance with European member state national statutes and regulations)... 

Based on diagnostic reference levels for radiopharmaceuticals adopted by the European member states, the total activity administered on a single day should not exceed 1,000 MBq (27 mCi) in the case of the combined rest-exercise protocol and 600 MBq (16.2 mCi) in the case of the one-day protocol (European Commission 1999). A rather large variation in the recommendations from country to country has been reported (Hesse et al. 2005). 

Between 1980 and 1994, five European directives on ambient air quality standards were adopted. In December 1982, ambient air quality levels for lead - as one of the most abundant air pollutants - was established (Council directive 82/884/EWG 1982) and transferred into national law of the European member states. 

Several European member states have developed guide values for metals in ambient air which are not legally binding. In Germany, additional guideline values for the management of ambient air quality have... 

On account of their territorial behavior and dietary habits, some mammalian species are particularly suitable for an appraisal of the distribution of heavy elements within a territory and thus of the related risk of exposure. The roe deer Capreolus capreolus L ), the European member of the Odocoileini (the white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virgi-nianus, is a North American member), possesses these characteristics and, particularly... 

Directive 86/609/EEC sets out the responsibilities that the European member states must discharge. As a result of the use of prescriptive language, there is little room for flexibility, and most of the provisions of the Directive must be applied in all cases. 

The proliferation of nuclear weapons rightly remains a major global concern. While there may be geopolitical merit in European countries leading by example (for instance, by unilaterally removing highly enriched uranium and separated plutonium from their civil nuclear activities), it is important to note that all EU countries are robust in their measures to prevent proliferation. Furthermore, any European member state decision to expand nuclear power would not raise the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation in any direct way. CESSA expresses no opinion on proliferation, safety and nuclear fuel cycles issues outside the EU. 

European Member State Visions of Hydrogen Sources... 

It seems pertinent to remark that, while the operation of the USDOE could be compared with that of an orchestra, with well-trained musicians (15 national laboratories, nearly 300 university research groups and powerful companies) actively coordinated by a single conductor (the USDOE and its body of scientific advisors), the coordination of DG TREN and DG RES at the European member state level is hampered by 27 orchestras with 27 conductors, which insist on playing their own scores, with inefficient spending of funds and not profiting from synergies. The EC Joint Research Centre activities in support of EC policy measures are not comparable to those of the US national laboratories. 

This list was amended in December 2006 with the addition of mollusks and lupin, as Directive 2006/142/EC, to account for the opinion delivered by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) referring to the allergenicity of these foods and the prevalence of such food allergy in European member states. 

---