European Union legislation members

On a global scale, there is good correlation between quality standards for fin it and fruit juice processed in different regions. In the European Union, legislative controls are set up, or modified, by the central European Council of Ministers, usually following discussion with and between trade organisations from the EU member countries. A new directive, once agreed and approved, is translated into the statutory laws of the member countries concerned. 

The 1999 Gothenburg Protocol led to the establishment of new European Union legislation, Directive 2001/81/EC on National Emissions Ceilings for Certain Pollutants. The Directive set upper limits for each member state for the total emissions of SO2, NO, , VOCs, and ammonia, four pollutants responsible for acidification, eutrophication, and ground-level ozone pollution. Member states are allowed to determine which measures they will take to comply with the directive, but are required to report annually on their national emission inventories and projects for 2010. ... 

At present, complete harmonization of MRLs across the European Union (EU) member states has not yet been accomplished. Thus, most regulation of pesticide residues in food is based on MRLs established by national legislation in each member state. These un-harmonized MRLs may reflect different GAP and thus may differ between members. A program for creation of a harmonized set of EU... 

In the European Union, 25 member coimtries continue to be responsible for passing and administering their own health and safety legislation. However, they are obliged to apply the requirements of the European health and safety directives adopted by the European Commission. For example, the so-called European six-pack included issues such as manual handling, and optometric tests for VDU operators. 

The European Commission consists of 25 members. The commissioners are citizens of the 25 member states but are required to act independently and in a nonpartisan way. Only the Commission can initiate proposals for new legislation, following consultations with governments, industry, labor, and special interest groups and, as required, technical experts. The principle of subsidiarily, enshrined in the Treaty of the European Union, hmits legislative proposals to areas where European Union legislation offers benefits over the legislation of individual member states. 

Readers interested in reviewing information on the implementation of legislation on hazardous waste combustion in the European Union member states are referred to the Europa website.34... 

ECHA points out that some materials currently considered as waste might in future be considered to have ceased to be waste [15]. These materials will then be out of the scope of waste legislation, and - if not covered by an exemption - will potentially fall under REACH. Clarification of end-of-waste criteria is a matter for waste legislation. In accordance with the general principle of subsidiarity of the European Union law, and following the revised Waste Framework Directive, Member States may decide case by case whether certain waste has ceased to be waste, where end-of-waste criteria have not been set at Community level. Member States have already worked for use of this regulation, like, e.g., the Waste Quality Protocol in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland [16]. 

Many rubber products, when exported to the member states of the European Union, must comply with the requirements of the relevant legislation approach. The EU Directives of New Approach and Directives of Sectoral Approach are legislative provisions that must especially be followed. Directives of New Approach confine the requirements to the protection of health, property and environment and the safety requirements. The Directives of New Approach lay down the uniform procedure of approval of conformity. Harmonised European standards, giving detailed specifications of the product, follow these Directives. Detailed requirements are given in the Directives of Sectoral Approach and they have to be interpreted individually. The essential concepts are explained and a review of the most important documents is presented. 

In the European Union the key instrument governing the prevention and control of pollution is the 1996 IPPC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) Directive [10]. Member States were required to implement this Directive through national legislation and regulation by September 1999. 

Antioxidants should be labelled on the retail package with the specific chemical name or with the EC number. The legislation of member states of the EU is influenced by the decision taken within the EC. Some food standards are fully based on EC Directives and some are still based on national considerations. There may be differences between European states, for instance, the utilisation of ascorbic acid as antioxidant for egg products is permitted in France but prohibited in Germany. These differences concern usually the utilisation of antioxidants in various food commodities. The specification of antioxidants mentioned in EC Directives are respected by all member states. But it is still generally required that individual countries of the European Union as well as the central organisation should be approached. The requirements appearing in the EC Directives on additives must be applied by the member states. This means in the first place that for those categories of additives for which a Community positive list exists, member states may not authorise any additives which do not appear on the positive list. 

The adoption of these legislative reforms just preceded the enlargement of the European Union on 1 May 2004 when the EU membership was increased to 25 Member States by the accession of 10 new Member States, namely Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovak Republic and Slovenia. 

Peptide antibiotics are compounds containing amino acids that are covalently linked to other chemical entities and consist of more than one component. In contrast to naturally occurring proteins that are built up from L-amino acids only, peptide antibiotics usually contain o-amino acids. Avoparcin, bacitracin, efroto-mycin, enramycin, thiopeptin, and virginiamycin constitute the main members within this group of drugs (Fig. 6.2). They are usually added to animal feeds at low concentrations, and produce residues in tissues at very low or undetectable levels. Unfortunately, the metabolic pathways of most peptide antibiotics have not been still elucidated. Within the European Union, these antibiotics are regulated under a separate legislation (Directive 70/524/EEC). 

The Statutory Surveillance Programme implements European Union (EU) legislation in accordance with the provisions set out in Directive 96/23/EEC. This Directive sets out the sampling regime and the veterinary drugs that must be monitored by each EU member state. 

For the countries of the European Union (EU), the basic law is enshrined in the Single European Act (SEA) of 1986, through articles 100a and 118a. These articles cover the duty for each member country to legislate on health and safety. Many EU directives have been passed since that date and these have subsequently been covered in the legislation of the individual countries. For companies who are operating in a particular country within the EU, it is the law of that individual country which is applicable. 

European Union s civil service, and comprises approximately 14,000 officials, has the right of initiative, that is, to draw up proposals for Union legislation. The Commission negotiates on behalf of the member states in multilateral and bilateral trade matters and in the drawing up of association and membership agreements with nonmember countries. 

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