European experiments

Zanunit-Lucia, J. and R. Dasgupta (1995), Reference pricing the European experience , Health Policy Review, St. Mary s Hospital Medical School paper no 10, London. 

Heading R, Bardhan K, Hollerbach S, Lanas A, Fisher G. Systematic review the safety and tolerability of pharmacological agents for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome - a European experience. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 24 207-36. 

To understand how Americans acquired a distinctive attitude toward firearms, it is important to remember that the political culture of the United States grew out of the English rather than continental European experience. 

The European Experience. In Europe, the first patients were treated with carbon ions at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany at the end of... 

Over the past several decades there have been increasingly strong demands in Europe and the United States that atmospheric chemistry research be directly useful in developing scientific risk assessments and public policies. For example, one component of the EUROTRAC program (European Experiment on Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents in the Troposphere) ...is expected to assimilate the scientific results from EUROTRAC and present them in a condensed form, together with recommendations where appropriate, so that they are suitable for use by those responsible for environmental planning and management in Europe (EUROTRAC, 1993). 

European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation European Society for Immunodeficiency. Long-term survival and transplantation of haemopoietic stem cells for immunodeficiencies Report of the European experience 1968-99. Antoine, C., Muller, S., Cant, A., Cavazzana-Calvo, M., Veys, P., Vossen, J., Fasth, A., Heilmann, C., Wulffraat, N., Seger, R., Blanche, S. et al. (2003). Lancet, 361 (9357) 553-560. 

Revision of medical device regulations has occurred in other countries, including Canada and the United States, because of the European experience. In 1998, Canada changed its device regulations to include a risk-based classification system and 11 principles of safety and effectiveness, which were patterned after the essential requirements of the European MDD (22). 

A typical example of European experience is Heidelberger Zement in West Germany. They have been burning tires in cement kilns since 1978, utilizing as much as 50,000 metric tons per year in six plants. Generally they have kept the tire percentage of the fuel below 20 percent. They have observed improvement in kiln performance and more stable operation. They have monitored air pollution levels from the kilns and observed no problems. 

A 2006 Special Issue of the Energy Policy Journal (34(8)) analyses the European experience with eco-taxation and points to deeper underlying issues about the degree of public understanding and trust in political processes. A Swedish survey also underlines that attitudes to carbon taxation are directly related to the degree of trust in politicians, more even than an individual s own exposure to the taxes (Hammar and Jagers, 2006). 

Keller MB. Citalopram therapy for depression a review of 10 years of European experience and data from U.S. clinical trials. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2000 61 896-908. 

Maibach E. European experiences with tohnetin in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Curr Ther Res Chn Exp 1976 19(3) 350-62. 

Hoekstra HJ, Meller I, Nieweg OE, Kettelhack C, Ben-Ari G, Pector JC, Lejeune FJ. Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor and melphalan for limb salvage in 186 patients with locally advanced soft tissue extremity sarcomas. The cumulative multicenter European experience. Ann Surg 1996 224(6) 756- 5. 

Fumoleau P, Delozier T, Extra JM, Canobbio L, Delgado FM, Hurteloup P. Vinorelbine (Navelbine) in the treatment of breast cancer the European experience. Semin Oncol 1995 22(2 Suppl 5) 22-8. 

Abebe W 2002 Herbal medication potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27 391-401 Anfossi P, Villa R, Montesissa C et al 1997 Intramuscular bioavailability of ketoprofen lysine salt in horses. Veterinary Quarterly 19 65-68 Avouac B, Teule M 1988 Ketoprofen the European experience. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 28 S2-S7... 

From European experience it can be concluded that the Andco-Torrax system is a feasible PTGL-process but that it takes much time and trouble before such a new process can be operated with a sufficient degree of reliability. It is still too early to compare the process to conventional mass-incineration. At present the consumption of auxiliary fuel is still very high at 5 to 12 GJ/h (Luxemburg). The power consumption, at 60 - 80 kWh/t of refuse is about twice that of a conventional incinerator. The consumption of cooling water and the composition of the flue gas are roughly comparable. 

Buekens, A., Schoeters, J. "W. European Experience on Small Waste fed Incinerators with Heat Recovery , Preliminary Report prepared for SRI, 1978. 

Entwined with these ten lessons and unifying themes are two more general issues that are raised by the European experience. To what extent is the allocation of emission rights for CO2 different from that for other conventional pollutants, such as SO2 or NOx Is there some more general consideration that influences the choices when emission rights are distributed Or, to rephrase this second question more negatively, why are the many welfare-enhancing choices universally advocated by economists not chosen ... 

Fischer, A., Landais, P., Friedrich, W., Morgan, G., Gerritsen, B., Fasth, A., Porta, F., Griscelli, C., Goldman, S. F., Levinsky, R., and Vossen, J. European experience of bone-marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency. Lancet 336,850-854 (1990). 

III. NI-CD BATTERY RECYCLING EXPERIENCES WITHIN THE OECD A. The European Experience... 

European experience with policies promoting organic agricnltnre... 

R 676 G. Calderone, C. Guillou and N. Naulet, Official Methods Based on Stable Isotope Techniques in Food Analysis. Ten Years of European Experience , Actualite Chimique, 2003,8-9,22... 

European experience has shown that the transformation of plutonium (Pu) into mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel is a very efficient, safe, nonproliferating and, under certain circumstances, economically effective solution. 

Lyon, G., B. Hagberg, P. Evrard, C. Allaire, L. Pavone, and V. M. 1991. Symptomatology of late onset Krabbe s leukodystrophy The European experience. Dev Neurosci 13 240-244. Maestri, N. E., and T. H. Beaty. 1992. Predictions of a 2-locus model for disease heterogeneity Application to adrenoleukodystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 44 576-582. 

In the United States of America - particularly in the Northeast - an acidification pattern has developed that is comparable to the European experience On the West Coast, Likens found that in 1955 - 1966, on a yearly basis, the pH values ranged between 5.5 and 6 0 and for the northwestern part of the U S values were measured nearly 4 5 In the years 1972 - 1973 the values on the West Coast were between 4.6 and 5 6 on a yearly basis and in the Northeast near 4.0 and 4.2 In the northeastern part of the U S there is also the phenomenon that the highest degree of acidification is measured in a densely populated and highly industrialized area. Figure 2 shows the... 

Two ways could be envisaged either providing direct technical assistance to the Russian institutes, or making available European experience and know-how in the form of technical reports that would be handed to the Beneficiary, then transferred by it or rather by NTSC to the Russian institutes. As mentioned in administrative reports to the EC, the first approach could not be worked out and the Consortium therefore settled on the second alternative. 

Kennergren C et al (2007) Laser-assisted lead extraction the European experience. Europace 9(8) 651-656... 

Kennergren C (1997) Initial European experience with excimer laser assisted extraction of permanent pacemaker leads. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 20 ""4(Pt. II) 1111 [abstract]... 

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