The Choice of University

For the 898 women chemists who became Associates or Fellows of the Royal Institute of Chemistry and/or Fellows of the Chemical Society between 1880-1949, we found information on the college or university attended for 841 of them.98 The institutions where 10 or more women chemistry students obtained their undergraduate degree during that period are shown in Table 1.3. 

As students could obtain external degrees from the University of London, we find Battersea Polytechnic and Nottingham in the list, both offering London external B.Sc. (Chemistry) degrees during this time (as did Exeter, Northern Polytechnic, and others). In addition to those women chemists identifiable with a particular college, an additional 39 women had London chemistry degrees with no indication of their affiliated institution. 

The total for all of the Welsh constituent university colleges (Aberystwyth, Bangor, and Cardiff see Chap. 7) is given here. 

For Scotland (see Chap. 7), Glasgow was the overwhelming choice of women chemists. In part, this was probably due to the existence of a separate women s college, Queen Margaret College, in the early years while the total for Edinburgh includes Heriot-Watt College (later Heriot-Watt University). 

---

Universal recognition sequences must be present in PCR products that are cycle sequenced with universal primers. Many laboratories routinely use universal M13 and M13 reverse tails for their forward and reverse PCR primers, respectively. We have opted for the M13 (but not M13 reverse) sequence in conjunction with a PI72 sequence derived from the Bluescript SK vector. The choice of universal primers was influenced by their estimated free energy of annealing and their melting temperature... 

---