Europe, climate projections

Besides the IPCC AR4, several specific works make reference to climate projections for Europe and/or the Mediterranean, some being related with the PRUDENCE project also. One particular study is that of Sanchez et al. [11] where... 

Climate projections for Central Europe Since the IPCC reports focus on global climate change, other studies had to be used for the assessment of regional-scale climate impacts. Essential insights into this matter have been gained from Mayer (2007), Spekat et al. (2007), PIK (2005), KLIWA (2005a, b), and DMG (2007). 

Combining an analysis of these results from GCM with results from the PRUDENCE project, the AR4 also [4] presents some clear facts about the future climate in Europe and the Mediterranean ... 

Deque M, Rowell DP, Liithi D, Giorgi E, Christensen JH, Rockel B, Jacob D, Kjellstrom E, de Castro M, van den Hurk B (2007) An intercomparison of regional climate simulations for Europe assessing uncertainties in model projections. Clim Change 81 53-70 doi 10.1007/ S10584-006-9228-X... 

Climate studies conducted within the AT project have compared the skill of RCMs in reproducing observed means and extremes, examined how climate change will affect mean precipitation and mean temperature and examined the estimated future occurrence of extreme precipitation and varied aspects of hydrology for Europe, Spain and the Ebro [35, 36]. 

Community Earth System Models (COSMOS) is a major international project (http //cosmos.enes.org) involving different institutes in Europe, in the US and in Japan, for the development of complex Earth System Models (ESM). Such models are needed to understand large climate variations of the past and to predict future climate changes. 

David Harrison, B. A., M.Sc., Ph.D., is Head of the Global Environmental Practice of NERA Economic Consulting, an international consultancy with offices in Europe, the United States, Australia and Asia. He directs projects in environmental economics and policy, climate change, natural resource damage assessment, energy policy, economic impact assessment, and transportation. Dr Harrison has participated actively for more than twenty-five years in the development of emissions trading... 

Rili.sanen, J. (1998). CMIP2. Subproject Climate Change in Northern Europe Plans and First Results. Proceedings, Coupled Model Interconi-pari.son Project Workshop, Melbourne, Australia, 14-15 October 1998. 

Originally, Lallemantia iberica was found in Asia (Syria, Israel, Iran, Iraq) and the Caucasus. Today, the crop also appears in Central and Southern Europe. In Germany, Austria, and Canada, its introduction was not successful probably due to the relatively wet climate conditions in these areas. The projected oilseed yields varied between 1300 and 1800 kg/ha. The oil percentage of the seeds varied between 34 and 38%, which is similar to the oil content of linseed (21). Table 1 compares the fatty... 

The results of joint projects are reducing the risk of an accident at operating nuclear power plants in these host countries. These cooperative efforts help protect Europe s public, economic, and environmental health and support a stable business climate for international investments. These efforts also help the host countries avoid a crisis that could destabilize their democratic governments. 

Contrary to the simulationof global climate change, where large scale averages fulfill the needs, the regional-scale projections require a detailed modeling of local factors. One of these factors important for Central Europe is the North Atlantic Current, which is driven hy the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). 

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