Ethanol solubility in water

Solubility/miscibility Miscible with water and ethanol. Soluble in water and ether... 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Properties vary depending upon the specific soluble thallium compound, (thallium acetate) silk-white crystals or hygroscopic, colorless monoclinic crystals from ethanol soluble in water and alcohol MP (131°C, 268°F) DN (3.68 g/cm ). (thallium iodide) yellow, crystalline powder metallic at high pressures becomes gray on exposure to light becomes red at 170°C (338°F) almost insoluble in water soluble in potassium iodide solution and aqua regia insoluble in alcohol MP (440°C, 824°F) BP (824°C, 1515°F) DN (7.09 g/cm") SG (7.1) HV (104.7 kJ/mol at 1097K) VD (NA) VP (unknown). 

Dense and clear colorless to yellowish liquid with a pungent odor of chloroform. Quite chemically inert to most minerals. Miscible with ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride. Decomposed when exposed to sunlight and it must be stored in brown inactinic glass bottle. It can be stabilized by adding 2-3 wt.% of ethanol. Solubility in water at 20°C 3.2 g/L. Prepared by electrolysis of sodium bromide and acetone or by reacting sodium hypobromite with acetone ". Highly toxic. 

C2He04S, Et0)(H0)S02. Oily acidic liquid. Soluble in water and slowly hydrolysed by it to ethanol and sulphuric acid. Prepared by passing ethene into concentrated sulphuric acid or by heating ethanol and sulphuric acid. Gives ethene when heated alone, and diethyl sulphate when heated with ethanol at 140 C. Forms crystalline metallic salts which are soluble in water. 

Glutelins. Also insoluble in water and in 7% aqueous ethanol. Soluble in acids and alkalis. Also found in cereals. 

Sodium dichromate is used instead of the potassium salt because it is far more soluble in water, and is not precipitated from its aqueous solution by addition of the ethanol. It is also cheaper than the potassium salt, but has the disadvantage of being deliquescent. 

Pure acetaldehyde is a colourless volatile liquid, of b.p. 21° freely soluble in water, ethanol and ether. 

Dissolve 0 5 ml. of glycerol in 20 ml. of w ater, and add 20 ml. of the above 5% aqueous sodium periodate solution. After 15-20 minutes add 12 ml. of the above 10% ethanolic dimedone solution, and stir well at intervals for another 15 minutes. The addition of the dimedone solution may cause a rapid precipitation of some of the dimedone itself, which is only slightly soluble in water, whereas the formaldehyde-dimedone compound separates more slowly from the solution. 

There appear to be at least two zinc chloride complexes of pyridine, one of m.p. 207 and composition 2CsH,N,ZnCh, sind the other of m.p. 152° and probable composition 2C,H,N,ZnClt,HCl. The former is slightly soluble in water and in hot ethyl alcohol the latter passes into the former in aqueous solution, is readily soluble in hot absolute ethanol and can therefore be readily recrystaUised from this solvent. 

Due to its poor solubility in water, benzoic acid is dissolved in a small amount of ethanol before being diluted with water. 

TiF is a colorless, very hygroscopic soHd and is classified as a soft fluorinating reagent (4), fluorinating chlorosilanes to fluorosilanes at 100°C. It also forms adducts, some of them quite stable, with ammonia, pyridine, and ethanol. TiF sublimes at 285.5°C, and melts at temperatures >400° C. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and pyridine, hydroly2ing in the former, and has a density of 2.79 g/mL. 

Famotidine. Also known as Pepcid, famotidine [76824-35-6] (AT-(aminosulfonyl)-3-([[2-[(diaminomethylene) amino]-4-thia2olyl] methyl]thio)propariimidamide (2) is a white to pale yellow crystalline compound, freely soluble in glacial acetic acid, slightly soluble in methanol, very slightly soluble in water, and practically insoluble in ethanol. It may be prepared by the method described in Reference 3. 

Ranitidine. Ranitidine hydrochloride [66357-59-3] (Zantac) is a white to pale yellow granular substance. It is freely soluble in water and acetic acid, soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble in ethanol, and practically insoluble in chloroform. It has a slightly bitter taste and a sulfur-fike odor. It may be made by the method described in Reference 5. 

Dimenhydrinate. Dimenhydrinate [523-87-5] (Dramamine) (18) is a white crystalline, odorless powder that melts between 102 and 107°C. It is sparingly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol and chloroform, and sparingly soluble in diethyl ether. Dimenhydrinate is prepared by combining dimethylaminoethyl ben2hydryl ester with 8-ch1orotheophy11ine and refluxing in an isopropyl alcohol solution. The crystalline precipitate of dimenhydrinate that forms on cooling is collected by filtration, washed with cold ethyl acetate, and dried. 

Metformin. Metformin [657-24-9] (1,1-dimethylbiguanide), mol wt 129.17, forms crystals from propanol, mp 218—220°C, and is soluble in water and 95% ethanol, but practically insoluble in ether and chloroform. Metformin, an investigational dmg in the United States, does not increase basal or meal-stimulated insulin secretion. It lowers blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic patients with Type II diabetes but has no effect on blood glucose levels in normal subjects. It does not cause hypoglycemia. Successful metformin therapy usually is associated with no or some weight loss. 

Alkali AletalIodides. Potassium iodide [7681-11-0] KI, mol wt 166.02, mp 686°C, 76.45% I, forms colorless cubic crystals, which are soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. KI is used in animal feeds, catalysts, photographic chemicals, for sanitation, and for radiation treatment of radiation poisoning resulting from nuclear accidents. Potassium iodide is prepared by reaction of potassium hydroxide and iodine, from HI and KHCO, or by electrolytic processes (107,108). The product is purified by crystallization from water (see also Feeds and feed additives Photography). 

Sodium iodide [7681-82-5] Nal, mol wt 149.92, mp 662°C, 84.66% I, forms colorless cubic crystals, which are soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. It is used in photography, for the production of organic chemicals, and as an expectorant in cough medicines. Nal is separated by addition of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to an acidic iodide solution (see also Expectorants, antitussives, and related agents). 

Lead nitrate [10099-74-8] Pb(N02)2, mol wt 331.23, sp gr 4.53, forms cubic or monoclinic colorless crystals. Above 205°C, oxygen and nitrogen dioxide are driven off, and basic lead nitrates are formed. Above 470°C, lead nitrate is decomposed to lead monoxide and Pb O. Lead nitrate is highly soluble in water (56.5 g/100 mL at 20°C 127 g/100 mL at 100°C), soluble in alkalies and ammonia, and fairly soluble in alcohol (8.77 g/100 mL of 43% aqueous ethanol at 22°C). Lead nitrate is readily obtained by dissolving metallic lead, lead monoxide, or lead carbonate in dilute nitric acid. Excess acid prevents the formation of basic nitrates, and the desired lead nitrate can be crystallized by evaporation. 

Properties. o-Nitiotoluene [88-72-2] is a clear yeUow liquid. The solid is dimorphous and the melting points of the a- and P-forms ate —9.55 and —3.85 C, respectively. o-Nitrotoluene is infinitely soluble in benzene, diethyl ether, and ethanol. It is soluble in most organic solvents and only slightly soluble in water (0.065 g in 100 g of water at 30°C). The physical properties of o-nitrotoluene are hsted in Table 9. 

Nitrotoluene [99-99-0] crystallizes in colorless rhombic crystals. It is only slightly soluble in water, 0.044 g/100 g of water at 30°C moderately soluble in methanol and ethanol and readily soluble in acetone, diethyl ether, and benzene. The physical properties of -nitrotoluene are Hsted in Table 11. 

BenZenetetrol. 1,2,3,4-Tetiahydioxybenzene 01 apionol (59) forms needles from benzene (mp 161°C). It is easily soluble in water, diethyl ether, ethanol, and glacial acetic acid and is spariagly soluble ia benzene. It has been identified as one of the many constituents of wood—vinegar distillate (202). 

Amino-4-nitrophenol. This derivative, 2-hydroxy-5-nitroani1ine (9), forms orange prisms from water. These prisms are hydrated with one water of crystallization, mp 80—90°C, and can be dehydrated over sulfuric acid to the anhydrous form, mp 143 —145°C. The compound is soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetic acid, and warm benzene and slightly soluble in water. 

Amino-2-hydroxybenZOiC acid. This derivative (18) more commonly known as 4-aminosa1icy1ic acid, forms white crystals from ethanol, melts with effervescence and darkens on exposure to light and air. A reddish-brown crystalline powder is obtained on recrystallization from ethanol —diethyl ether. The compound is soluble ia dilute solutioas of nitric acid and sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and acetone slightly soluble in water and diethyl ether and virtually insoluble in benzene, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride. It is unstable in aqueous solution and decarboxylates to form 3-amiaophenol. Because of the instabihty of the free acid, it is usually prepared as the hydrochloride salt, mp 224 °C (dec), dissociation constant p 3.25. 

A (4-Hydroxyphenyl)glycine. This derivative (23) forms aggregate spheres or shiny leaflets from water. It turns brown at 200°C, begins to melt at 220°C, and melts completely with decomposition at 245 —247°C. The compound is soluble in alkaU and mineral acid and sparingly soluble in water, glacial acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, and benzene. 

The normal salt, CH COONH, is a white, deUquescent, crystalline soHd, formula wt 77.08, having a specific gravity of 1.073. It is quite soluble in water or ethanol 148 g dissolve in 100 g of water at 4°C. The salt s solubiUty in water increases only slightly as temperature increases up to about 25 °C. The specific gravity of aqueous neutral ammonium acetate ranges from 1.022 to 1.092 as solution concentration increases from 10 to 50 wt % (4). The normal salt melts at 114°C, but decomposes before reaching its boiling point. 

Physical Properties. Ammonium thiocyanate [1762-95-4] NH SCN, is a hygroscopic crystalline soHd which deHquesces at high humidities (375,376). It melts at 149°C with partial isomerization to thiourea. It is soluble in water to the extent of 65 wt % at 25°C and 77 wt % at 60°C. It is also soluble to 35 wt % in methanol and 20 wt % in ethanol at 25°C. It is highly soluble in Hquid ammonia and Hquid sulfur dioxide, and moderately soluble in acetonitrile. 

Physical and Chemical Properties. Sodium thiocyanate [540-72-7] NaSCN, is a colorless dehquescent crystalline soHd (mp 323°C). It is soluble in water to the extent of 58 wt % NaSCN at 25°C and 69 wt % at 100°C. It is also highly soluble in methanol and ethanol, and moderately soluble in acetone. Potassium thiocyanate [333-20-0] KSCN, is also a colorless crystalline soHd (mp 172°C) and is soluble in water to the extent of 217 g/100 g of water at 20°C and in acetone and alcohols. Much of the chemistry of sodium and potassium thiocyanates is that of the thiocyanate anion (372—375). 

Propylthiouracil. This compound is a white, powdery, crystalline substance of starch-like appearance with a bitter taste. It is slightly soluble in water, chloroform, and ethyl ether, sparingly soluble in ethanol, and soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions (53). An extensive compilation of its chemical, spectral, and chromatographic properties is available (43). It is assayed titrimetrically with NaOH (53). 

Methima ole. This compound is a white to pale buff crystalline powder with a faint characteristic odor. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and chloroform (1 g/5 mL) and only slightly soluble in other organic solvents. A detailed chemical, analytical, spectral, and chromatographic description is available (44). It is assayed titrimetrically with NaOH (54). 

Nicotinamide is a colorless, crystalline solid. It is very soluble in water (1 g is soluble in 1 mL of water) and in 95% ethanol (1 g is soluble in 1.5 mL of solvent). The compound is soluble in butanol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, acetone, and chloroform, but is only slightly soluble in ether or benzene. Physical properties are Hsted in Table 1. 

Cyclosporin A forms white prismatic crystals from acetone and is only slightly soluble in water and saturated hydrocarbons, but is very soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, and diethyl ether. Optical and nmr data on cyclosporins and x-ray crystallographic data on cyclosporin A and an io do derivative have been reviewed (273,275). 

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