Ethanol extraction products from

Yields and Analytical Data on Ethanol-Extraction Products from HVL-P and Distillation Products from the Ethanol Soluble Fraction... 

MIBK is a highly effective separating agent for metals from solutions of their salts and is used in the mining industries to extract plutonium from uranium, niobium from tantalum, and zirconium from hafnium (112,113). MIBK is also used in the production of specialty surfactants for inks (qv), paints, and pesticide formulations, examples of which are 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol and its ethoxylated adduct. Other appHcations include as a solvent for adhesives and wax/oil separation (114), in leather (qv) finishing, textile coating, and as a denaturant for ethanol formulations. 

The aqueous solution is then concentrated to dryness at an outside temperature of 40° to 45°C and at low pressure. The residue, obtained by drying in a vacuum at 40° to 45°C is triturated in a mortar with ethyl ether and, after filtration, is extracted with 3,400 ml boiling absolute ethanol. The ethanol extract is separated from the undissolved part by filtration, cooled and the product which crystallizes by cooling is filtered and dried at 40°C in a vacuum. In that manner the disodium (4,4 -disulfoxy-diphenyl)-(2-pyridyl)-methane bi-hydrate is obtained, which takes the form of a white solid, according to U.S. Patent 3,528,986. 

Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetone mercaptole, melting at 125°C to 126°C is prepared by employing 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol and acetone as starting materials. In one representative procedure, the 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol (47.5 g, 0.2 mol) is dissolved in methanol (50 ml) heated at a temperature of 50°C. A catalytic amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid (1 ml) is added, followed by acetone (5S g,0.1 mol). The temperature of the mixture rises to about 60°C, and is maintained at about 60°C to 65°C for 1.5 hours. The mixture is cooled, diluted with water and about 10 ml of aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ether. The ether extract is evaporated, and the product is obtained as a residue, which is recrystallized from ethanol and then from isopropanol to obtain the bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetone mercaptole as a crystalline solid melting at about 125°Cto 126°C. 

Another Hydrogenation with Platinum Oxide. JACS, 55, 2694. This method is used to reduce those hydrox-mandelonitriles in the amphetamine section. It uses low pressure and can be used on about any reducible compound. It can also use palladium oxide as the catalyst. A solution of 35.8 g of phenyl-2-propanol in 250 ml of 80% ethanol containing 7.3 g of HCl is hydrogenated for 3 hours in a Parr hydrogenation bottle at 3,5kg/cm or 50 p.s.i, over 0,5 g of platinum oxide (or palladium oxide Raney nickel may also work) or an equimolar ratio of analog catalyst for about 3 hours. Filter off the catalyst and rinse with a little water to wash all the product from the catalyst. Dilute the filtrate to 1 liter of volume with water and extract twice with ether to remove any acid insoluble material. The ether extracts do not contain product. The aqueous layer is made alkaline with solid NaHCOs to a pH of 8-9 and the basic oil which separates is extracted with two 300 ml portions of ether. This ether solution is dried over MgS04, and filtered, then evaporated to remove the ether. To convert to the oxalate, add ether to the crude product and add to a solution of 9.6 g of oxalic acid dihydrate in a small volume of methanol. Give ample... 

Methyldihydromorphinone. A solution of 2 g of methyldihydrocodeinone in 10 cc of 48% hydrobromic acid is boiled for 25 min. The solution is then diluted with water, made strongly alkaline, and extracted with ether. Add ammonium chloride to precipitate the phenolic product, 1.7 g of brown powder. Sublime (see glossary for instructions) in a high vacuum at 180° to get 1.4 g of white crystals of methyldihydromorphinone. Recrystallize from alcohol to get pure, long needles, mp 243-245°. The hydrochloride form is prepared, as usual, in dry ethanol and recrystallized from the same. This drug is sometimes called Metopon and is active orally. 

To a mixture of 50 g (0.4 mol) of nitrobenzene, 180 ml of 30% sodium hydroxide, 20 ml of water and 50 ml of ethanol, 100-125g (1.5-1.9g-atom) of zinc dust is added portionwise with efficient mechanical stirring until the red liquid turns light yellow. After stirring for an additional 15 minutes, 1 liter of cold water is added, the mixture is filtered with suction, the solids on the filter are washed with water, and the hydrazobenzene is extracted from the solids by boiling with 750 ml of ethanol. The mixture is filtered while hot, the filtrate is cooled, the precipitated crystalline hydrazobenzene is filtered with suction, and the mother liquor is used for repeated extraction of the zinc residue. Recrystallization of the crude product from an alcohol-ether mixture gives hydrazobenzene of m.p. 126-127°. 

B. Hydrogenolysis of the Phenolic Ether Biphenyl. To a solution of 10 g. (0.032 mole) of the product from Part A in 200 ml. of benzene is added 2 g. of 5% palladium-on-charcoal, and the mixture is shaken with hydrogen in a Parr apparatus at 40 p.s.i. and 35-40° for 8 hours (Note 3). The mixture is filtered, and the insoluble residue is washed with three 100-ml. portions of hot ethanol (Note 4). The filtrates are combined, and the solvent is removed by means of a rotary evaporator at 60° (12 mm.) to leave a solid residue. The product is dissolved in 100 ml. of benzene, and 100 ml. of 10% sodium hydroxide solution is added. The mixture is shaken, and the layers are separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with 100 ml. of benzene, and the original benzene layer is washed with 100 ml. of water (Note 5). The benzene solutions are combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Removal of the benzene by distillation yields 4.0-4.7 g. (82-96%) of biphenyl as a white powder, m.p. 68-70° (Note 6). The infrared spectrum is identical with that of an authentic sample, and a purity of at least 99.5% was indicated by gas chromatography analysis. 

Lavender and lavandin extracts are also commercially important and are produced in southern France by solvent extraction of flowering lavander and lavandin herbs. Production of lavandin concrete is higher than that of lavender. Extraction of the paste-like concretes with ethanol, followed by evaporation, yields absolutes. These extracts differ from the essential oils in being more soluble and in... 

Solvent extraction is an excellent choice for aroma-compound isolation from foods when applicable. Unfortunately, many foods contain some lipid material, which limits the use of this technique since the lipid components would be extracted along with the aroma compounds. Alcohol-containing foods also present a problem in that the choice solvents (e.g. dichloromethane and diethyl ether) would both extract alcohol from the product, so one obtains a dilute solution of recovered volatiles in ethanol. Ethanol is problematic since it has a high boiling point (relative to the isolated aroma compounds), and in concentration for analysis, a significant proportion of aroma compounds would be lost with the ethanol. As one would expect, the recovery of aroma compounds by solvent extraction is dependent upon the solvent being used, the extraction technique (batch or continuous), and the time and temperature of extraction. 

On cooling, a yellow precipitate forms in the filtrate. This precipitate is separated and washed with absolute ethanol. The wash solution, combined with the filtrate, is used to extract additional product from the inorganic materials previously separated. The combined yellow crystals are recrystallized from absolute ethanol yield 4.1 gm (55.4 %), m.p. 156°-l 58°C. 

The chemical composition of the gel is 1.0 CTMABr, 0.63 SiC>2, x C10H22, y TMB, 102 H2O Different alkane/TMB molar ratios have been used and x/y varies in a range of 0.40 to 1.33. After stirring for several hours at room temperature, the homogenous gel was placed in a Teflon autoclave and heated The crystallization temperature and time vary respectively from 80°C to 100°C and from 1 day to 11 days. The final products were obtained after ethanol extraction and calcination under nitrogen and then air atmosphere at 500°C for 18 hours... 

Ethanol and methanol (preferred with less than 3% moisture) have been used to extract lactose from skim milk or whey powders (Kyle and Henderson 1970). The dried lactose powder that crystallized from the alcoholic extract was believed to be anhydrous a-lactose, but other work indicates that the product is a mixture of anhydrous a- and /3-lactose (Lim and Nickerson 1973). 

Protein-rich foods can also be specially treated. According to Saag (135), in order to extract colorants from fish, samples are boiled, filtered, washed, with an ammonia solution to displace proteins, and then washed through Sephadex LH-20 with water. The colored zones are collected for HPLC analysis. Dairy products (ice cream, cheese, yogurt) are first mixed with acetone or ethanol to precipitate the protein, which is ground up with sea sand and Celite, and the slurry is placed in a column from which dyes are eluted with a solution of ammoniacal methanol (135,162). 

Treatment of l-(3, 4 -methylenedioxybenzyl)-2-methyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolinium iodide with lithium aluminium hydride in ether followed by immediate treatment with 2N hydrochloric acid resulted in formation of an intense red-violet colour which very quickly faded to yellow. Basification of the reaction mixture and extraction with chloroform gave an oil which was reduced by treatment with sodium borohydride in ethanol. This gave a product which was isomeric with, but different from, l-(3 ,4 -methylenedioxybenzyl)-2-methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, the expected product from this sequence of reactions. 

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