Ethanol acute

Corongiu, F.P., Lai, M. and Milia, A. (1983). Carbon tetrachloride, bromotrichloromethane and ethanol acute intoxication. New chemical evidence for lipid peroxidation in rat tissue microsomes. Biochem. J. 212, 625-631. 

Amiodarone Benzodiazepines Chloramphenicol Cimetidine Disulfiram Ethanol (acute ingestion) Fluconazole Isoniazid Metronidazole Miconazole Omeprazole Phenacemide Phenylbutazone Succinimides Sulfonamides Trimethoprim Valproic acid Salicylates Tricyclic antidepressants Valproic acid... 

Hydrocortisone Chlorthalidone Dexamethasone Ethanol (acute Ingestion)... 

Ethanol acute/subacute 14 4. Cholic acid chronic 1... 

This product hydrolyzes in the stomach to form ethanol. Acute toxicity Oral (LD50) >5000mg/kg [Rat] Skin (LD50) >2000mg/kg [Rat],... 

Ethanol (acute) Incr. PHT Vitamin D Deer, vitamin D... 

Most abundant isoform wide substrate range inhibited by cimetidine, macrolides, azoles, and ethanol (acute) induced by general P450 inducers such as carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and rifampin and by ethanol (chronic). 

The problem of the isolation of quaternary salts, even when fornied, is,-in some cases, an acute one. Water or ethanol is friBquently held very tenaciously and this possibility may be the reason that so many workers still use non-hydrie solvents, such as benzene, despite the fact that reactions in such solvents are usually slow clearly the best solvents are the non-hydric ones of high dielectric constant. 

These findings were unexpected because previous studies had demonstrated that the y2 subunit is required for potentiation of GABAa receptor function by low concentrations of ethanol [2]. The y2 subunit gene is located within a definitely mapped quantitative trait locus (QTL) for acute alcohol withdrawal on mouse chromosome 11 [1]. Allelic variation was genetically... 

The possibility that acute ethanol directly activates PKC would seem to be ruled out by the lack of such effect occurring in various in vitro systems that have been studied. One possibility is the activation of a phosphatase, others are the modulation of the availability and type of activator. It is also possible that ethanol could modify the sensitivity of the ion channel to the effect of PKC phosphorylation or its proteolytic downregulation. 

The other important molecular target of ethanol is the N-methyl-D-apartate receptor (NMDA-R), which is acutely inhibited although the mechanism is not clear. It was speculated that at least in some brain region the coactivating glycine sites are involved and/or the coactivating polyamine sites. The receptors containing... 

Matrila MJ, Aranko K, Seppala T Acute effects of huspirone and alcohol on psychomotor skills. J Clin Psychiatry 43 56-60, 1982 McMahon T, Andersen R, Merten P, et al Protein kinase C epsilon mediates upregu-lation ofN-type calcium channels by ethanol. Mol Pharmacol 37 33-58, 2000 Merry], Reynolds CM, Bailey], et al Prophylactic treatment of alcoholism by lithium carbonate. Lancet 2 481 82, 1976... 

Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Chater K, et al Non-pharmacological interventions in acute alcohol withdrawal. Clin Pharmacol Ther 34 214—219, 1983 Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Roach CA, et al Zimelidine-induced variations in alcohol intake hy nondeptessed heavy drinkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 35 374-381, 1984 Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Sullivan ]T, et al The serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram attenuates ethanol intake. Clin Pharmacol Ther 41 266-274, 1987 Naranjo CA, Sullivan ]T, Kadlec KE, et al Differential effects of viqualine on alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 301 -309,1989 Naranjo CA, Kadlec KE, Sanhueza P, et al Fluoxetine differentially alters alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors in problem drinkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 47 490 98, 1990... 

Meredith TJ, Ruprah M, Liddle A, et al Diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning with volatile substances. Hum Toxicol 8 277-286, 1989 Merry J, Zachariadis N Addiction to glue sniffing. Br Med J 5317 1448, 1962 Mihic SJ Acute effects of ethanol on GABAA and glycine receptor function. Neuro-chemint 35 115-123, 1999... 

Bautista, A.P. and Spitzer, J.J. (1992). Acute ethanol intoxication stimulates superoxide anion production by in situ perfused rat liver. Hepatology 15, 892-898. 

O The most common causes of acute and chronic pancreatitis in adults are ethanol abuse and biliary stones. 

O In the Western hemisphere, acute pancreatitis is caused mainly by ethanol use/abuse and gallstones. Other common causes of acute pancreatitis include hypertriglyceridemia, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and autodigestion due to early activation of pancreatic enzymes. Numerous medications have also been implicated as causes of acute pancreatitis (Table 20-1). 

The incidence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 1 in 10,000 people. O The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis in adults in Western countries is ethanol abuse. The most common cause in children is cystic fibrosis, due to preexisting pancreatic insufficiency inherent in the disease. Gallstones can occur at the same time as chronic pancreatitis but are not often implicated as the cause. Unlike acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis has an unknown etiology in a significant number of cases (30%).29,3°... 

The treatment goals for acute intoxication of ethanol, cocaine/amphetamines, and opioids include (1) management of psychological manifestations of intoxication, such as aggression, hostility, or psychosis, and (2) management of medical manifestations of intoxication such as respiratory depression, hyperthermia, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, or stroke. 

The treatment goals for acute intoxication due to ethanol, cocaine/amphetamines, and opioids include (1) management of... 

Chronic ethanol use increases the risk of hepatotoxicity when acetaminophen is used in high doses however, acute ingestion of alcohol along with an acetaminophen overdose decreases the toxicity of acetaminophen. 

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