Psychomotor skill

Matrila MJ, Aranko K, Seppala T Acute effects of huspirone and alcohol on psychomotor skills. J Clin Psychiatry 43 56-60, 1982 McMahon T, Andersen R, Merten P, et al Protein kinase C epsilon mediates upregu-lation ofN-type calcium channels by ethanol. Mol Pharmacol 37 33-58, 2000 Merry], Reynolds CM, Bailey], et al Prophylactic treatment of alcoholism by lithium carbonate. Lancet 2 481 82, 1976... 

Cannabis use does not appear to induce a "hangover" syndrome like that produced with alcohol or sedative-hypnotics in terms of sleep effects, mood, psychomotor skills, or cognitive function (Chait 1990). 

Both THC and ethanol increase reaction time, and produce decrements in standing steadiness and psychomotor coordination (Belgrave et al. 1979). Whereas the peak effects of ethanol appeared quickly and wore off quickly (after 280 minutes), THC s effects were slower in onset and longer in duration. The effects of combined THC and ethanol are additive and not synergistic, and THC did not alter blood-ethanol levels. Other studies have shown an interaction between ethanol and THC on psychomotor skills necessaiy for driving, although there were no interactions on the subjective "high," heart rate acceleration, or THC plasma concentration (Perez-Reyes et al. 1988). 

Recently, two studies have examined the residual effects of long-term marijuana use.224,225 In both studies, marijuana smokers were abstinent for 28 days during which time a battery of neuropsychological tests was repeatedly administered. Daily, chronic smokers were compared to less frequent smokers. Bolla et al.224 reported that daily smokers were impaired on tests of memory, executive functioning, and psychomotor skills after 28 days of marijuana abstinence. In contrast,... 

Saarialho-Kere, U., Mattila, M.J., and Seppala, T., Parenteral pentazocine effects on psychomotor skills and respiration, and interactions with amitriptyline, Euk J. Clin. Pharmacol., 35, 483, 1988. 

Linnoila, M., Saario, I., 8c Maki, M. (1974). Effect of treatment with diazepam or lithium and alcohol on psychomotor skills related to driving. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 7, 337-342. 

Linnoila M, Seppalla M, Mattila MJ. Acute effect of antipyretic analgesics alone or in combination with alcohol on human psychomotor skills related to driving. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1974 1 477. 

Alcohol impairs psychomotor skills. In tasks designed to measure these skills, participants arc required to make controlled muscular movements to adjust or position a machine or some mechanism on an experimental apparatus in response to changes in the speed or direction of a moving object (for example, Levine, Kramer, Levine, 1975, p. 288). A common example is the pursuit rotor task, in which the participant must keep a stylus on a target that moves circularly on an automated disk. 

Clobazam, a 1,5-benzodiazepine derivative, is indicated in the management of ambulant patients with anxiety. Clobazam lacks sedative and amnestic effects, and does not cause impairment of psychomotor skills (see also Table 9). 

During the past 15 years, research findings have indicated that boron is required or beneficial in higher animals and humans for many life processes including embryogene-sis, bone growth and maintenance, immune function, psychomotor skills, and cognitive function (Nielsen 2000, 2001). 

Psychomotor dysfunction This includes cognitive impairment, decreased psychomotor skills, and unwanted daytime sedation. These adverse effects are more common with benzodiazepines that have active metabolites with long half-lives (eg, diazepam, flurazepam). The dosage of a sedative-hypnotic should be reduced in elderly patients to avoid excessive... 

CNS depressants + CNS depressants Alcohol + Antihistamines Ben KJiazepines + Anaesthetics, general Opioids + Benzodia pines Impaired psychomotor skills, reduced alertness, drowsiness, stupor, respiratory depression, coma, death... 

Linnoila M. Drug effects on psychomotor skills related to driving interaction of atropine, gly-copyrrhonium and alcohol. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (1973) 6,107-12. 

LinnoilaM, MattilaMJ. Effects of isoniazid on psychomotor skills related to driving. / C/w Pharmacol (1973) 13, 343-50. 

Linnoila M, Mattila MJ. Interaction of alcohol and drugs on psychomotor skills as demonstrated by a driving simulator. BrJ Pharmacol (1973) 47,671P-672P. 

Sepp T. Effect of chloipromazine cr su iride and alcohol on psychomotor skills related to drivi. Ardi IntPhamuKo n Ther (1976) 223,311—23. 

Saario I. PSychomotor skills durii subacute treatment with thioridazine and bromazepam, and their combined effects with alcohol. Arm Clin Res (1976) 8, 117-23. 

Saario I, Linnoila M. Effect of subacute treatment with h3 otics, alone or in combination with alcohol, on psychomotor skills relating to driving. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) (1976) 38, 382-92. 

Linnoila M. Drug interaction on psychomotor skills related to driving hypnotics and alcohol. Ann Med Exp Biol Perm (1973) 51,118-24. 

Sepp T, Nuotto E, Dreyfus JF. Dng alcohol interactions on psychomotor skills piclone and flunitiazepam. Pharmacology (1983) 27 (Siqpl 2), 127-35. 

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