Western Hemisphere

Silver occurs native and in ores such as argentite (Ag2S) and horn silver (AgCl) lead, lead-zinc, copper, gold, and copper-nickel ores are principal sources. Mexico, Canada, Peru, and the U.S. are the principal silver producers in the western hemisphere. 

Sisal. The tme sisal fiber Fora Agave sisalana is the most important of the leaf fibers ia terms of quahty and commercial use. Originating ia the tropical western hemisphere, sisal has beea transplanted to East Africa, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It is named after the port ia the Yucatan from which it was first exported. 

Coal, tar, and heavy oil fuel reserves are widely distributed throughout the world. In the Western hemisphere, Canada has large tar sand, bitumen (very heavy cmde oil), and coal deposits. The United States has very large reserves of coal and shale. Coal comprises ca 85% of the U.S. recoverable fossil energy reserves (6). Venezuela has an enormous bitumen deposit and Brazil has significant oil shale (qv) reserves. Coal is also found in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Pern. Worldwide, the total resource base of these reserves is immense and may constitute >90% of the hydrocarbon resources in place (see... 

L. L. Hopkins, Jr. and M. G. Price, Proceedings Western Hemisphere Nutrition Congress, Vol. 11, Puerto Rico, 1968, p. 40. 

In terms of consumption in the Eastern vs the Western Hemisphere, the data in Table 4 show that not only is most of the world s petroleum produced in the Eastern Hemisphere (71%), but it is also consumed largely in that region (65%), with 8.5% in Japan alone. The surplus production in the Eastern Hemisphere (597 x 10 m /d (3.8 x 10 bbl/d)) is consumed in the Western Hemisphere, mosdy in North America. The Western Hemisphere thereby produces 29% of the world s total production, or about 82% of the petroleum that it consumes. 

Coffee was originally consumed as a food in ancient Abyssinia and was presumably first cultivated by the Arabians in about 575 AD (1). By the sixteenth century it had become a popular drink in Egypt, Syria, and Turkey. The name coffee is derived from the Turkish pronunciation, kahveh, of the Arabian word gahweh signifying an infusion of the bean. Coffee was introduced as a beverage in Europe early in the seventeenth century and its use spread quickly. In 1725, the first coffee plant in the western hemisphere was planted on Martinique, West Indies. Its cultivation expanded rapidly and its consumption soon gained wide acceptance. 

In 1990, the United States import from producing countries totaled 21 million bags of green coffee equivalent (Table 5). This includes 19.6 million bags of green coffee, 0.2 million bags of roasted coffee, and 1.2 million bags of soluble coffee with a total value of 1.9 biUion (42). More than 79% of this import came from countries in the western hemisphere. 

At present, the chief cotton-growing countries of the world are the People s RepubHc of China (23%), the United States (17%), the former USSR (15%), India (11%), Pakistan (8%), Bra2il (4%), Turkey (3%), and Egypt (2%) (5). In the Western Hemisphere, cotton is cultivated between about 37° N and 32° S latitude in the Eastern Hemisphere, the limits extend to 47° N and 30° S. 

The mechanical cells that are most widely used today in sulfide, coal, and nonmetaUic flotation operations in the western hemisphere are made by Fagergren (by WEMCO Division of Envirotech Corporation), D-R Denver (by Denver Equipment Corporation of Sala International), Agitair (supplied by Galligher Ash Company), and Outokumpy (by Outokumpu Oy). 

This growth resulted from additional countries entering as major producers of petroleum. By 1941, Venezuela was producing over one-half of the crude oil extracted in the Western Hemisphere. During this period as well, the Middle and Near East first began to flex its muscles as an oil producing region. Iran,... 

Unidentified Stimulators. Growth-inhibitory materials in, or secreted by, plants have for the most part been emphasized in this paper. However, root secretions of many plants also contain constituents required for the germination of seeds of angiospermous root parasites (Striga, Orobanche, Alectra, and Sopubia genera). This phenomenon has been reviewed by Brown (17). Striga asiatica was identified for the first time in the western hemisphere in 1956 in two... 

O In the Western hemisphere, acute pancreatitis is caused mainly by ethanol use/abuse and gallstones. Other common causes of acute pancreatitis include hypertriglyceridemia, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and autodigestion due to early activation of pancreatic enzymes. Numerous medications have also been implicated as causes of acute pancreatitis (Table 20-1). 

Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious disease that is often asymptomatic however, approximately 1 in every 100 to 1000 cases will develop a rapidly progressive paralytic disease. Polio is caused by poliovirus which has three serotypes type 1 is most frequently associated with paralytic disease. Poliovirus replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal tract and is excreted in oral secretions and feces, which can infect others. As a result, more than 90% of unvaccinated individuals will become infected with poliovirus following household exposure to wild-type poliovirus. Since the introduction of the first poliovirus vaccine, there has been a significant reduction in the number of polio cases. Today, polio caused by wild-type poliovirus has been eradicated from the Western Hemisphere with the goal of eradicating it from the world.11... 

Mortar, a mixture of lime, sand, and water, has been used in construction for thousands of years. The Appian Way, many early Roman and Greek buildings, and the Great Wall of China were constructed using mortar containing lime. In the Western Hemisphere, the Incas and Mayans used lime in mortar. The composition of mortar can vary rather widely, but the usual composition is about one-fourth lime, three-fourths sand, and a small amount of water to make the mixture into a paste. Essential ingredients are a solid such as sand and lime that is converted to Ca(OH)2 by reaction with water. 

As Bernstein s Chief Counsel of Foreign Funds Control, I had helped to freeze I.G. Farben s assets in the Western Hemisphere. Bernstein and I had worked on the executive order which placed under the vigilant eye of the Treasury Department Farben s main holdings in the United States — the companies of the old American I. G. Chemical Corporation, which was renamed "General Aniline and Film Corporation."... 

I. G. Farben had been almost exclusively responsible for America s frightening shortages of vital Army supplies after our country went to war with Japan. By the time of Pearl Harbor, for example, Farben had succeeded in gathering, through its United States connections, 80 per cent of all magnesium production in the Western Hemisphere. 

One way in which archaeologists have attempted to circumvent the danger of possible misassociation of sample with cultural event is to obtain a 14C determination directly on the cultural item itself. In certain contexts, however, an even more fundamental question is whether the phenomena in question can be related to human behavior at all. This, for example, is one of the basic questions that continues to arise in discussions concerning the antiquity of Homo sapiens in the Western Hemisphere. 

Activated MDEA A version of the MDEA process for scmbbing acid gases from gas streams, in which the aqueous MDEA solution is regenerated by flashing rather than by stripping. Developed by BASF, Germany in 1971, with the Ralph M. Parsons Co. becoming the sole licensor in most of the Western Hemisphere in 1982. The process is now operated in Europe, Canada, and the United States. 

Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia, wilh the greatest concentration of cases reported in Vietnam, Cambodia. Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), and northern Australia. Additionally, it is seen In the South Pacific, Africa, India, and the Middle East. In many of these countries, BurftbtfdenepseudorneAefisso prevalent that it is a common contaminate foond on laboratory cultures. Moreover, it has been a common pathogen isolated from troops of all nationalities that have served in areas with endemic disease A few isolated cases of melioidosis have occurred in Ihe Western Hemisphere in Mexico, Panama, Ecuador, Haiti, Brail, Peru, Guyana, and... 

This conference which brought together leading experts in the fields of dense matter as well as compact star physics from the Eastern and the Western hemispheres was made possible due to the support by the NATO Science programme which is gratefully acknowledged. 

Kraemer, A. J. and Calkin, L. R, 1925, Properties of Typical Crude Oils from the Producing Fields of the Western Hemisphere U.S. Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 346, pp. 1-43. 

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