Ethane-, sodium

N-Mono-1 -p-chlorobenzohydrylpiperazine 1-Chloro-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane Sodium hydroxide Hydrogen chloride... 

Drain cleaners may contain sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye), hydrochloric acid, or trichloro-ethane. Sodium or potassium hydroxide is a caustic irritant that can affect the central nervous system (CNS) inhibiting reflexes, cause burns to skin and eyes, and is poisonous if swallowed due to severe tissue damage. Hydrochloric acid is a corrosive irritant, causes damage to the kidneys, liver, and digestive system. Trichloroethane is a skin and eye irritant, causes central nervous system depression, and liver and kidney damage when ingested. 

C2iH26NNaOsS, Bis((0-methoxyphenoxy)ethoxy)ethane sodium isothiocyanate, 44B, 103... 

Its chief importance is as a source of cinnamic acid by condensation with sodium ethan-oate and ethanoic anhydride and as a source of triphenylmethane dyestuffs by condensation with pyrogallol, dimethylaniline, etc. It is also used in the manufacture of perfumes. 

CCls CHO. A colourless oily liquid with a pungent odour b.p. 98°C. Manut actured by the action of chlorine on ethanol it is also made by the chlorination of ethanal. When allowed to stand, it changes slowly to a white solid. Addition compounds are formed with water see chloral hydrate), ammonia, sodium hydrogen sulphite, alcohols, and some amines and amides. Oxidized by nitric acid to tri-chloroethanoic acid. Decomposed by alkalis to chloroform and a methanoate a convenient method of obtaining pure CHCI3. It is used for the manufacture of DDT. It is also used as a hypnotic. 

Ethane tetracarboxylic ethyl ester can be regarded as composed of two malonic ester residues, each acting as a mono-alkyl substituent to the other. The two remaining hydrogen atoms therefore still retain acidic properties, and consequently the ester gives with sodium ethoxide a di-sodium derivative. 

Add 4 0 g. (4 0 ml.) of pure anihne dropwise to a cold solution of ethyl magnesium bromide (or iodide) prepared from 1 Og. of magnesium, 5 0 g. (3-5 ml.) of ethyl bromide (or the equivalent quantity of ethyl iodide), and 30 ml. of pure, sodium-dried ether. When the vigorous evolution of ethane has ceased, introduce 0 02 mol of the ester in 10 ml. of anhydrous ether, and warm the mixture on a water bath for 10 minutes cool. Add dilute hydrochloric acid to dissolve the magnesium compounds and excess of aniline. Separate the ethereal layer, dry it with anhydrous magnesium sulphate and evaporate the ether. Recrystallise the residual anihde, which is obtained in almost quantitative yield, from dilute alcohol or other suitable solvent. 

An interesting development in the use of metal carbonyl catalysts is the production of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a molten solution of sodium chloride and aluminum chloride with It4(CO) 2 a catalyst yields a mixture of hydrocarbons. Ethane is the primary product (184). 

Dry methyl chloride is unteactive with all common metals except the alkaU and alkaline-earth metals, magnesium, 2iac, and alumiaum. In dry ether solution, methyl chloride reacts with sodium to yield ethane by the Wurt2 synthesis ... 

Type 4A sieves. A crystalline sodium aluminosilicate with a pore size of about 4 Angstroms, so that, besides water, ethane molecules (but not butane) can be adsorbed. This type of molecular sieves is suitable for drying chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, pyridine and diisopropyl ether. It is also useful for low pressure air drying. The material is supplied as beads, pellets or powder. 

A mixture of 22 parts of 1 -ethyl-1,4-dihydro-5H-tetrazol-5-one,45 parts of 1 -bromo-2-chloro-ethane,26 parts of sodium carbonate,0.3 part of potassium iodide and 240 partsof 4-methyl-2 pentanone is stirred and refluxed overnight with water-separator. The reaction mixture is cooled, water is added and the layers are separated. The aqueous phase is extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases are dried, filtered and evaporated. The residue is purified by column-chromatography over silica gel using trichloromethane as eluent. The pure fractions are collected and the eluent is evaporated, yielding 28.4 parts (80%) of 1-(2-chloroethyi)-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-5H-tetrazol-5-one as a residue. 

Aqueous solutions of many salts, of the common strong acids (hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric), and of bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are good conductors of electricity, whereas pure water shows only a very poor conducting capability. The above solutes are therefore termed electrolytes. On the other hand, certain solutes, for example ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol) which is used as antifreeze , produce solutions which show a conducting capability only little different from that of water such solutes are referred to as non-electrolytes. Most reactions of analytical importance occurring in aqueous solution involve electrolytes, and it is necessary to consider the nature of such solutions. 

The diacetylated ethane-1-hydrox-1,1-diphosphonic acid is prepared by dissolving the diphosphonic acid in acetic acid and adding acetic anhydride [114]. The sodium salt can be directly converted to the free acid form by passing it through an hydrogen cation exchanger. The bicyclic dimer is prepared by basic hydrolysis of diacetylated cyclic dimer, as shown in Eq. (70) ... 

Somewhat similar observations have been made in the reaction of alkyl halides with sodium mirrors (the Wurtz reaction) in which alkyl coupling occurs. Thus, ethane formed on treatment of methyl iodide with sodium in a field of 20 G shows n.m.r. emission (Garst and Cox, 1970). The phase is consistent with polarization via T j-S mixing,... 

Yeo, A.R., Yeo, M.E., Caporn, S.J.M., Lachno, D.R. Flowers, T.J. (1985). The use of C-ethane diol as a quantitative tracer for the transpirational volume flow of water, and an investigation of the effects of salinity upon transpiration, net sodium accumulation and endogenous ABA in individual leaves of Oryza sativa L. Journal of Experimental Botany, 36, 1099-109. 

Nucleophihc substitution of sodium thiolate on 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethane iodide leads to extensive elimination (10-20%) and formation of (perfluorohexyl)ethylene (3), Equation 2. 

At elevated temperatures, the hydride reduces carbon dioxide or sodium hydrogen-carbonate to methane and ethane. The latter are probably the explosive reaction products produced when carbon dioxide extinguishers are used on LAH fires. 

Interaction of chlorine with methane is explosive at ambient temperature over yellow mercury oxide [1], and mixtures containing above 20 vol% of chlorine are explosive [2], Mixtures of acetylene and chlorine may explode on initiation by sunlight, other UV source, or high temperatures, sometimes very violently [3], Mixtures with ethylene explode on initiation by sunlight, etc., or over mercury, mercury oxide or silver oxide at ambient temperature, or over lead oxide at 100°C [1,4], Interaction with ethane over activated carbon at 350°C has caused explosions, but added carbon dioxide reduces the risk [5], Accidental introduction of gasoline into a cylinder of liquid chlorine caused a slow exothermic reaction which accelerated to detonation. This effect was verified [6], Injection of liquid chlorine into a naphtha-sodium hydroxide mixture (to generate hypochlorite in situ) caused a violent explosion. Several other incidents involving violent reactions of saturated hydrocarbons with chlorine were noted [7],... 

The only Zr(0) carbonyl complex has been prepared by Wreford and co-workers. When ZrCl4 was treated with l,2-bis(dimethyl-phosphino)ethane (dmpe), and then subsequently reduced with sodium amalgam in the presence of 1,3-butadiene, the dmpe bridged dimer, [(t/-C4H6)2Zr(dmpe)]2(dmpe) (65), resulted (114). The brown crystalline dimer 65 was found to be in equilibrium with the 16-e- coordinatively unsaturated complex, (tj-C4H6)2Zr(dmpe) (66), and free dmpe. When toluene solutions of 65 were exposed to CO at —45°C, 1 equivalent of CO per equivalent of Zr was consumed and the CO adduct (r/-C4H6)2Zr-(dmpe)(CO) (67) precipitated as a yellow solid. If these mixtures were allowed to warm above -22°C under vacuum, the precipitate dissolved and the consumed CO evolved (114). Complex 67 could be isolated by... 

Fontes tt al. [224,225 addressed the acid—base effects of the zeolites on enzymes in nonaqueous media by looking at how these materials affected the catalytic activity of cross-linked subtilisin microcrystals in supercritical fluids (C02, ethane) and in polar and nonpolar organic solvents (acetonitrile, hexane) at controlled water activity (aw). They were interested in how immobilization of subtilisin on zeolite could affected its ionization state and hence their catalytic performances. Transesterification activity of substilisin supported on NaA zeolite is improved up to 10-fold and 100-fold when performed under low aw values in supercritical-C02 and supercritical-ethane respectively. The increase is also observed when increasing the amount of zeolite due not only to a dehydrating effect but also to a cation exchange process between the surface proton of the enzyme and the sodium ions of the zeolite. The resulting basic form of the enzyme enhances the catalytic activity. In organic solvent the activity was even more enhanced than in sc-hexane, 10-fold and 20-fold for acetonitrile and hexane, respectively, probably due to a difference in the solubility of the acid byproduct. 

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