Chloro ethane

Alkylation of the intermediate, 41, with l-bromo-3-chloro-ethane affords 49, the use of this to alkylate iv-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine affords oxypendyl (50), a neuroleptic with good antiemetic and antivertigo properties. 

A mixture of 22 parts of 1 -ethyl-1,4-dihydro-5H-tetrazol-5-one,45 parts of 1 -bromo-2-chloro-ethane,26 parts of sodium carbonate,0.3 part of potassium iodide and 240 partsof 4-methyl-2 pentanone is stirred and refluxed overnight with water-separator. The reaction mixture is cooled, water is added and the layers are separated. The aqueous phase is extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases are dried, filtered and evaporated. The residue is purified by column-chromatography over silica gel using trichloromethane as eluent. The pure fractions are collected and the eluent is evaporated, yielding 28.4 parts (80%) of 1-(2-chloroethyi)-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-5H-tetrazol-5-one as a residue. 

R. M. Black, R. W. Read, Biological Fate of Sulphur Mustard, l,l -Thiobis(2-chloro-ethane) Identification of /J-Lyase Metabolites and Hydrolysis Products in Human Urine , Xenobiotica 1995, 25, 167 - 173. 

When a substance is packed into a liquid from a gas or into a solid from a liquid, the molecules also have a reduced ability to assume the various conformations. This loss of freedom is reflected in A12S, conformational. Different conformations arise from the ability of structures to rotate around single bonds. For example, consider l-bromo-2-chloro-ethane. Viewing the two carbons and the chlorine substituent as co-existing in a plane, we recognize that the bromine atom can occur in the same plane opposite the chlorine atom, or above the plane or behind the plane ... 

For split generation we make use of heuristics, as given in Table 3.1. The removal of troublesome impurities is suggested in the first place, here H2S, benzene and chloro-ethane. Then the split is placed in an appropriate selector, in this case of type purification . Table 3.3 indicates that six separation methods could be applied to perform this task chemical absorption, molecular-sieve adsorption, physical adsorption, catalytic oxidation, catalytic hydrogenation and chemical treatment. 

To evaluate the applicability of molecular sieves, we compare the kinetic diameter of components. Low-size sieves would filter all, except chloro-ethane and benzene. Then, the remaining H2S may be handled by wet scrubbing. 

The reaction of triethyl phosphite with CC14 has been studied from a mechanistic point of view by Chanon and co workers using a variety of techniques from radical clocks to electrochemical methods99b. They isolated diethyl trichloromethanephosphonate and chloro-ethane as major products and diethyl chlorophosphate and 1,1,1-trichloropropane as minor products (equation 80). Under certain circumstances they also observed radical... 

Meier, H.L. (1996). The time-dependent effect of 2,2 -dichlor-odiethyl sulfide (sulfur mustard, HD, l,l -thiobis [2-chloro-ethane]) on the lymphocyte viability and the kinetics of protection by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Cell. Biol. Toxicol. 12 147-53. 

Synonyms Sulfur mustard l,l-Thiobis(2-chloro-ethane) l-Chloro-2-(/l-chloroethylthio)ethane 2,2 -Dichlorodiethyl sulfide Distilled mustard S mustard S-lost SchwefeTlost Yellow cross liquid Yperite Kampstoff lost HD HT H... 

HC Unsat. lights Butadiene Hydrogen Chloride Lights Chloro-ethanes Ethylene... 

Our research concerns the study and optimization of catalysts for the synthesis of the HFCs in particular catalysts for the synthesis of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), appropriate substitute of CFCs as refrigerants (also in mixture with other HFCs) and, in particular, the last step of the synthesis, the halogen exchange reaction on l,l,l,2-tetrafluoro-2-chloro-ethane (HCFC-124) ... 

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