Sodium ethane interactions

Interaction of chlorine with methane is explosive at ambient temperature over yellow mercury oxide [1], and mixtures containing above 20 vol% of chlorine are explosive [2], Mixtures of acetylene and chlorine may explode on initiation by sunlight, other UV source, or high temperatures, sometimes very violently [3], Mixtures with ethylene explode on initiation by sunlight, etc., or over mercury, mercury oxide or silver oxide at ambient temperature, or over lead oxide at 100°C [1,4], Interaction with ethane over activated carbon at 350°C has caused explosions, but added carbon dioxide reduces the risk [5], Accidental introduction of gasoline into a cylinder of liquid chlorine caused a slow exothermic reaction which accelerated to detonation. This effect was verified [6], Injection of liquid chlorine into a naphtha-sodium hydroxide mixture (to generate hypochlorite in situ) caused a violent explosion. Several other incidents involving violent reactions of saturated hydrocarbons with chlorine were noted [7],... 

This overall reaction, however, does not show all the stages of the process, since apart from the substances mentioned it forms hexaethyldilead, ethylene, ethane and butane, which demonstrates some secondary reactions. In particular, at the first stage of the reaction ethylchloride seems to interact with metallic sodium forming free ethyl radicals, i.e. the reaction uses the radical mechanism and ethyl radicals are responsible for further synthesis. 

A few nitro compounds have been obtained in good yields by the interaction of reactive halogen compounds with aci-nitro alkanes. The reaction is usually complicated in that both C- and 0-alkylation occurs. If the stability of the aci form of the nitro compound is high, then the tendency is toward alkylation on carbon rather than on oxygen. An example is the condensation of p-nitrobenzyl chloride with the sodium salt of nitro-ethane to give an 83% yield of 1-p-nitrobenzylnitroethane, P-OjNC.H CHjCHCNOjXIHj. ... 

Hofmann, by the interaction of acetaldehyde, mercuric oxide, and aqueous sodium hydroxide, only obtained aldehyde resin, but with paraldehyde a small quantity of a base was produced, CallggO Hg, which corresponds to ethane hexamercarbide. 

Alumina has found wide application in GSC. It is a highly polar material with a typical surface area of 250 m g . It interacts strongly with polar molecules such as water, and also has some catalytic activity, for example, it may convert acetone to diacetone alcohol or dehydration may occur. Much of the early work on alumina was carried out by Scott who subsequently concentrated his research on surface modified materials [37,38]. He measured polarity in terms of the retention of ethylene relative to non-polar ethane and propane. Activation by heating at temperatures up to 500°C increased the polarity by loss of water and adsorption of water reduced polarity until a minimum was reached when the amount required for a monolayer had been adsorbed. Further water continued to reduce the activity (by reducing the surface area) but increased the polarity [39-41]. Scott later extended his work on alumina to substances modified with sodium hydroxide and obtained results similar to those obtained for the water-modified alumina without the need to presaturate the carrier gas. Retention of benzene relative to heptane increased markedly on alumina modified with sodium salts in the order OH > Cl > Br > I . A recent comparative study of the modifier effects alkali... 

The side chain is prepared by the interaction between either ethylene oxide or l-chloro-2-hydroxy ethane with diethyl amine in methanol yields 2-hydroxy-triethyl hydrochloride. This on chlorination with thionyl chloride yields 2-chloro-triethyl amine whieh on treatment with ethyl aceto-acetate in the presence of sodium ethoxide gives an intermediate eompound. Alkaline hydrolysis produces l-acetyl-3-diethylamino propane which on reduction with Raney Nickel followed by oximation yields 4-amino-1-diethylamino pentane. 

A variety of synthetic methods employs tin hydrides as the starting materials. The interaction of triethyltin hydride with diethylmercury leads to hexaethylditin, mercury, and ethane 228). Hexamethylditin has been obtained by treatment of dimethyltin dihydride with sodium in liquid ammonia, followed by addition of methyl iodide. 

The solid lines on Figure 4 take into account the nonideal behavior of adsorbed mixtures of ethylene and ethane in NaX. This system is highly nonideal because of the interaction of the quadrupole moment of ethylene with the sodium cations of NaX. Activity coefficioits at infinite dilution are unity at the limit of zero pressure and 0.27 at high pressure. The dashed lines on Figure 4 were calculated for an ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) and the resulting error in the individual isotherm for ethane at 30 bar is 20%. 

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