Equipment types

VAPOR HEAD BOILING SURFACE VENT SETTLING ZONE 

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If the problem is dominated by equipment with a single specification (i.e., a single material of construction, equipment type, and pressure rating), then the capital cost target can be calculated from Eq. (7.21) with the appropriate cost coefficients. However, if there is a mix of specifications, such as different streams requiring different materials of construction, then the approach must be modified. 

Ig = known base investment for equipment with capacity Qg M = constant depending on equipment type... 

Hall, S. G., Ahmad, S., and Smith, R., Capital Cost Targets for Heat Exchanger Networks Comprising Mixed Materials of Construction, Pressure Ratings and Equipment Types, Computers Chem. Eng., 14 319, 1990. 

An EMEA table contains a series of columns for the equipment reference number, the name of the piece of equipment, a description of the equipment type, configuration, service characteristics, etc, which may impact the fadure modes and/or effects, and aflst of the fadure modes. Table 2 provides a Hst of representative fadure modes for valves, pumps, and heat exchangers. The last column of the EMEA table is reserved for a description of the immediate and ultimate effects of each of the fadure modes on other equipment and the system. 

Equipment Type Width Dia Length Eeed rate, t/h Uses... 

Table 2. Mechanical Cleaning of U.S. Coal by Equipment Type...

Mid-1984 materials and labor factors have been reported for over 30 equipment types (13). The commodity materials include factors for concrete foundations, piping, steel supports, instmmentation, insulation, electrical, and painting. InstaHation labor factors are given for each of the commodity... 

System, Equipment, and Refrigerant Selection There is no universal rule which can be used to decide which system, equipment type, or refrigerant is the most appropriate for a given application. A number of variables influence the finm-design decision ... 

Equipment Types Fhiidized-bed systems take many forms. Figure 17-6 shows some of the more prevalent concepts with approximate ranges of gas velocities. 

If agitation is required for a vessel less than 1.8 m (6 ft) in diameter and the same operations will be scaled up to a larger vessel ultimately, the equipment type should be the same as that expected in the larger vessel... 

E - Estimate is based on published emission factors, such as those relating release quantity to through-put or equipment type (e.g., air emission factors). 

Equipment type Typical dust loading Air velocity (m/s) 1 micron 1-5 microns 5-10 microns Pressure loss (mm WG) Power requirement (kW per mVs) Remark. 

Equipment types (a) Ditect flame (b) Recupetative (c) Regenerative... 

The standard requires the supplier to define the process employed for the calibration of inspection, measuring, and test equipment, including details of equipment type, unique identification, location, frequency of checks, check method, acceptance criteria, and the action to be taken when results are unsatisfactory. 

As mentioned above, the unit operation of crystallization rarely exists in isolation but is normally part of a wider particulate processing system as illustrated schematically, in a very simplified form, in Figure 9.2. A particular feature of such processes is the variety of unit operations and the range of equipment types that may be employed at any stage. 

There are many other types of heat exchanger devices that can be used to heat the gas above the hydrate temperature. These could include shell and tube heat exchangers, electrical immersion heaters, furnaces, etc. However, the most common equipment type used to heat a well stream is the indirect fired water bath heater. 

Appendix B—Equipment Index Allows the user to determine the taxonomy location for equipment types familiar to the CPI. 

Data boundary The equipment types for whieh data are presented in the resource (such as pipelines, valves or instruments) plant type (coal gasification facility, nuclear or ammonia plant, for example). 

This chapter contains tables of generic equipment failure rate data for some of the CPI equipment types listed in Appendix A, the CCPS Taxonomy, or in Appendix B, the Equipment Index. Section 5.1 on data selection explains how data were selected from resources and lists which resources in Chapter 4 were used to provide data. 

SAIC provided much of the data used in this book from its proprietary files of previously analyzed and selected information. Since these data were primarily from the nuclear power industry, a literature search and industry survey described in Chapter 4 were conducted to locate other sources of data specific to the process equipment types in the CCPS Taxonomy. Candidate data resources identified through this effort were reviewed, and the appropriate ones were selected. Applicable failure rate data were extracted from them for the CCPS Generic Failure Rate Data Base. The resources that provided failure information are listed in Table 5.1 with data reference numbers used in the data tables to show where the data originated. 

Equipment description Defines the equipment type that the data applies to data resource equipment descriptions were used to match data to the descriptions at the taxonomy levels. 

The date of occurrence is an important element since it verifies whether the equipment failure occurred during the analysis time frame. The equipment type is necessary for... 

When the numerator data have been established (through the encoding of equipment failure records) and the denominator data have been developed (through exposure and demand calculations), failure rates can be computed. An example of this is shown in Figure 6.5, which contains the data and results of time-related failure rate calculations. Figures 6.6 and 6.8 provide examples of the data and calculations for demand-related failure rates. The rates of failure can be summarized by major equipment types on a Rate of Failure Summary form, such as the example for pumps in Figure 6.9. 

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