Equipment description

To admit gas, one opens the valve from the nitrogen supply (G) (nitrogen supply should have pressure controher, safety valves, etc.) with the valve to the sample area (C) closed. One then measures the pressure with a Bourdon or other membrane-type pressure transducer (B). With today s technology there is little reason to use the traditional manometers (and one very good reason not to). The volume between the two valves (S + tubing + valves + transducer) should be calibrated using PV methods and any competent standards laboratory can accomplish this. The valve C is opened when one wishes to adsorb the gas. 

For temperature measurement, a thermometer well (T) is provided. In the case of liquid nitrogen temperatures, a gas liquid equilibrium thermometer is recommended. This requires another pressure transducer and 

Note in Fig. 23 that there are three zones labeled indicating three volumes one must consider, V, V2 and V3. Fj and V2 are the manifold . The volume of Fj, a calibrated volume, is alre y known at the beginning of the measurements. This cahbration should have been performed either at a standard laboratory or against a secondary standard which is traceable. The first problem is to determine the volumes of F2 and Fj. 

Volumes F2 and F3 are at different temperatures, T2 and Ty Using the ideal gas equation, the total number of moles in the two volumes, assuming P2 = P = P 

Imagine then that the entire region is a T2 to yield an imaginary effective volume for the sum. 

Sizing and pressure ratings for these vessels are discussed in the Gas-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Separation volume, this series. Factors affecting design include retention time, flow rate (throughput), temperature, oil gravity (as it influences viscosity), water drop size 

In installations where gas volumes vary, a two-phase separator is usually installed upstream of the FWKO. The two-phase separator removes most of the gas and reduces turbulence in the FWKO vessel. The FWKO usually operates at 50 psig (345 kPa) or less due to the vessel s location in the process flow stream. Internals should be coated or protected from corrosion since they will be in constant contact with salt water. 

2 Gunbarrel Tanks with Internal and External Gas Boots 

The gunbarrel tank, sometimes called a wash tank, is the oldest equipment used for multi-well onshore oil treating in a conventional gathering station or tank battery. Gunbarrel tanks are very common in heavy crude applications such as in Sumatra and East Kalimantan, Indonesia, and in Bakersfield, Cahfomia. 

Because gunbarrels tend to be of larger diameter than vertical heater-treaters, many have elaborate spreader systems that attempt to create uniform (i.e., plug) upward flow of the emulsion to take maximum advantage of the entire cross section. Spreader design is important to minimize the amount of short-circuiting in larger tanks. 

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The above discussion leads to the conclusion that time-related and demand-related failures for a piece of equipment cannot be equated through a general mathematical relationship. These issues are better dealt with in a data base taxonomy (classification scheme) for equipment reliability data by defining a unique application through equipment description, service description, and failure description. 

The hierarchical structure of the CCPS Taxonomy is divided into three major parts equipment description, service description, and failure description. Figure 3.1 illustrates this organization. 

As indicated in Figure 3.1, there are several levels within the equipment description. Each data cell has a unique taxonomy number, which is determined by the number of levels and its position within each level. For the example highlighted by shaded areas in Figure 3.1, the taxonomy number 3.3.7.2.1.1 specifies the third element of the first level, the third element of the second level, the seventh element of the third level, etc. 

The final element of the equipment description is the equipment boundary figure. A boundary figure is included with each data cell to define the components and limits of the equipment associated with that cell. For example, the data cell boundary figure (Data cell 3.3.7.2.1.1) in Figure 3.2 shows that the centrifugal pump, seal system, motor, motor control unit, lube oil system, coupling, and transmission are all components of the equipment in the data cell. The equipment boundary is inherently reflected in the taxonomy number. 

Taxonomy No. 3.3.7.2.1.1 Equipment Description ROTA flNG EQUIPMENT- PUMPS MOTOR DRIVEN-PRESSURE-CENTRIFUGAl ... 

As shown in this figure, the format is divided into three main columns labeled Equipment Description, Service Description, and Failure Description. The Equipment Description column may be further divided to show the necessary equipment description levels that make up the taxonomy number. Each column represents one additional hierarchical level and number in the CCPS Taxonomy. Similarly, the Service and Failure Descriptions are divided as needed to fully establish the data cells. An entry or group of entries in a column apply all the way down the column until an additional entry or a horizontal line is reached. 

Equipment description Defines the equipment type that the data applies to data resource equipment descriptions were used to match data to the descriptions at the taxonomy levels. 

Taxonomy No. till Equipment Description MOTORS - AC - INDUCTION ... 

Taxonomy No. 1.2.1.1 Equipment Description BATTERIES - LEAD ACID ... 

Taxonomy No. 13 11 Equipment Description EMERGENCY POWER GENERATORS-DIESEL DRIVEN ... 

Taxonomy No. 2.1.3.1.2.3 Equipment Description TRANSMITTERS-ELECTRONIC LEVEL- CAPACITANCE PROBE ... 

THonomf No. 2.1.3.2.1.2 Equipment Description TRANSMtl l ERS PNEUMATIC-FLOW-VARIABLE AREA ... 

Taxonomy No. 2 13 2 2 Equipment Description TRANSMITTERS-PNEUMATIC" LEVEL ... 

Taxonflin No. 2.1.4.1.4 Equipment Description SWITCHES - ELECTRIC -TEMPERATURE ... 

Taxonomy No. 2 14 2 3 Equipment Description SWITCHES -PNEUMATIC -PRESSURE ... 

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