Immersion heaters electric

Bath-type heat exchangers can be either direct or indirect. In a direct bath exchanger, the heating medium exchanges heat directly with the fluid to be heated. The heat source for bath heaters can be a coil of a hot heat medium or steam, waste heat exhaust from an engine or turbine, or heat from electric immersion heaters. An example of a bath heater is an emulsion heater-treater of the type discussed in Volume 1. In this case, a fire tube immersed in the oil transfers heat directly to the oil bath. The calculation of heat duties and sizing of fire tubes for this type of heat exchanger can be calculated fom Chapter 2. 

There are many other types of heat exchanger devices that can be used to heat the gas above the hydrate temperature. These could include shell and tube heat exchangers, electrical immersion heaters, furnaces, etc. However, the most common equipment type used to heat a well stream is the indirect fired water bath heater. 

Storage tanks can be heated with thermostatically controlled steam coils, hot-water coils, electric immersion heaters or a combination of these. The elements and their... 

Heating should ensure temperature control to 1°C and may be electric immersion heaters or steam coils. 

Apart from such requirements for head pressure control, winter precautions are needed to prevent freezing of the water while the plant is not rejecting heat to it. These commonly take the form of an electric immersion heater in the water tank, together with lagging and possible trace heating of exposed pipes. In some systems, the evaporative condenser itself may be within the building, with air ducts to the outside. In severe climates, external tanks need to be lagged to conserve the heat provided by the immersion heater. 

If 1000J of electrical energy is added with an immersion heater to 55.7g of water at 20.0°C, (a) how much heat is added (b) how much work is done on the system (t ) how much does the temperature rise ... 

Contamination of silicone oil baths with alkaline or acidic materials may lead to depolymerisation and a marked lowering of the flash point. This happened when the alkaline contents of a beaker heated in a silicone bath at 260°C frothed over into the oil, which itself then frothed and overflowed, exposing the electric immersion heater element which ignited the decomposition products. 

When specified, a removable steam heating element external to the oil reservoir or a thermostatically controlled electric immersion heater with a sheath of austenitic stainless steel shall be provided for heating the charge capacity of oil before start-up in cold weather. The heating device shall have sufficient capacity to heat the oil in the reservoir from the specified minimum site ambient temperature to the manufacturer s required start-up temperature within 12 hours. If an electric immersion heater is used, the watt density shall not exceed 2.33 watts per sq. cm (15 watts per sq. in.). 

Often it is necessary to heat transfer lines to ensure that products do not gel in the line during cold weather. Both electrical heating and steam heating can be used to trace lines. Only explosion proof electrical heat tape and thermostats can be used on fuel systems. Immersion heaters are not recommended for fuel and fuel additive applications. 

Figure 7-3 Kjeldahl distillation unit employs electric immersion heater in flask at left to carry out distillation in 5 min. Beaker at right collects liberated NH3 in standard HCI.

One of the most versatile and robust heating techniques is the use of electrical resistance heaters. They are used in as varied heating approaches as hot plates, mantles, heat strips, immersion heaters, and even blankets. 

Figure 7. Drawing of ammonium carbonate recovery unit and evaporator rated input capacity is 0.8 and 1.5 L/h with and without foaming respectively A, metering tank with preheater B, ammonium carbonate distillation, 0.5 kW C, foam level sensor (conductivity) D, condenser E, acid inlet, 6M HNOs F, evaporation unit, 1 kW G, Ca 2M (NHlt)2COi, to carbonate adjustment with C02 H, distillate, HzO + NOx I, metal nitrate concentrate, ca. 0.5M HNOs J, electrical immersion heater...

The liquid in the flask may be heated by a burner, or internally by an electrically-heated spiral, immersion heater, or other apparatus. 

Then one puts on the lid. I have cut a hole towards the edge of the lid allowing for the entry of the immersion heater. Preferably use an electric drill, otherwise it is easy to split the lid. The reason for using a fermentation lock is that the air in the container will expand and contract a little, depending on the temperature of the surroundings. If you use a fermentation lock with activated carbon the distillation will be completely odour free, use no water in the fermentation lock, only activated carbon. 

Fig. 316 shows suspended vessels which are available in sizes of 16 to 1501 [1,5]. Adapters for connecting the necks to ball and conical ground joints can be purchased for both types. Flasks of this size are best heated by steam, by some kind of bath, or by electric immersion heaters or mantles. 

Fig. 138 shows a pre-heater with external electric heating coil and Fig. 337, the l abodest VD 2 pre-heater which is provided with an electric immersion heater. These units may be operated at a base load, the regulating load being controlled via contact thermometers and relays (c/. chap 8.2.2). 

Electric heat is usually accomplished by means of immersion heaters in the solvent. Small units, requiring low heat input may be heated by strip heaters fastened to the underside of the tank. Caution immersion-type heaters are of a type to give low watt... 

If the container itself does not include a heating element, any immersion heater should be insulated to avoid the potential of electrical shock and should include a cut-out device if the temperature exceeds the set point. Alternatively, a second temperature sensor should be placed in the heat bath to act as a circuit breaker to cut off power to the heater if its thermostat fails. The thermostat clearly should always be set well below the flash point of the heating liquid in use. A thermometer placed in the bath at all times it is in use is recommended to provide a visual indication of the actual temperature of the bath. Digital controllers normally provide this additional information. 

Flow evaporator with electrical immersion heater... 

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