Heat exchange devices

If a nitrator is equipped only with a cooling or heating jacket, the ratio of the heat exchange area to the nitrator capacity depends on the latter. When the capacity is cubed the surface area is squared. Thus, when the dimensions of a nitrator are increased, the heat exchange area may no longer be adequate. Then, a stainless steel coil or a lead coil must be mounted inside the nitrator. 

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Table 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Cooled Heat Exchange Devices...

There are many other types of heat exchanger devices that can be used to heat the gas above the hydrate temperature. These could include shell and tube heat exchangers, electrical immersion heaters, furnaces, etc. However, the most common equipment type used to heat a well stream is the indirect fired water bath heater. 

Another approach is to improve the heat transfer conditions from the product. This can be accomplished in several ways. One way is to operate in a coolant medium that would also act as the lubricant for the system. The heat transfer to a liquid is usually much better than to air, and the liquid can be cooled by passing it through a heat exchanger device. A second approach is to improve the heat transfer to air. This can be done by increasing the surface area of the product by means of fins or other surface projections. The larger area will increase the heat flow... 

An air-bath oven is an excellent choice for GPC in that a substantial number of columns may be accomodated by a single unit. Costs are low and temperature stability and reproducibility quite good. Some type of heat-exchange device should be placed in the oven to raise the temperature of the mobile phase to the desired point before it reaches the column this practice helps eliminate temperature gradients along the column axis. 

Combined System of Integrated Relbrmer/Heat Exchanger and Evaporator/Heat Exchanger Devices for Automotive Applications... 

When the heat transfer is considered, the slurry reactors are more efficient, due to large liquid holdup and a relatively high flow velocity of the reaction mixture at the heat exchange surface. Also, it is relatively easy to arrange heat-exchanging devices in the slurry reactors as compared to monolith reactors. 

One particularly simple heat-exchange device is the double-pipe heat exchanger, shown in the figure at right. It is called this because the basic component is constructed from two pipes, one inside the other. One fluid (Fluid B) flows inside the inner pipe while the second fluid (Fluid A) flows in the annular space between the two pipes. Of course, one fluid is hotter than the other and heat flows through the wall of the inner pipe from the hot fluid to the cold fluid. To obtain larger heat... 

A chauffe-vin is a heat exchanging device for preheating the wine before it reaches the still kettle. It consists of an arrangement whereby the neck of the pot still passes through a wine container so that the vapors, prior to condensation, give up part of their heat to the wine in the tank. Sec Figs. 12, 13. 

Whereas microsystems are typically expensive heat-exchange devices, they open up a region of specihc interfacial area (m of heat exchange area per m of equipment volume) that was previously not attainable (Table 3.3). Numerous papers have been published on this topic. Among them, Brandner et al. [48] studied cross flow heat exchangers with different micro-structures. They found a microcolumn structure to be highest in heat transfer efflciency, with overall heat transfer coefficients of 54 000 W m compared with a conventional coefficient of heat exchange... 

It is concluded that the addition of I-action will not improve control and that the only feasible control strategy is to add a heat exchange device. and to manipulate the coolant flowrate for T control. 

Calculation of acid mixtures Temperature of nitration Solubility of nitrocompounds Design of nitrators Heat exchange devices Stirrers... 

HEAT EXCHANGER - Device used to transfer heat from a warm or hot surface to a cold or cooler surface. (Evaporators and condensers are heat exchangers.)... 

Tank apparatus equipped by mixing and in some cases heat-exchanging devices, intensive mixers and bulk washing columns are used practically at all process stages... 

A method of cooling a body of fluid reactive composition in a neutronic reactor comprising oscillating a portion of said composition between a reaction tank and a heat exchange device connected thereto by sub-... 

Heat exchange within a reactor or separator, rather than in an external heat-exchange device such as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or furnace, as described in Section 5.5. 

These heat exchanger devices require considerable time and expertise to projjerly operate. They are not commonly used because of manpower commitment and ancillary expenses. 

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