Eosinophils Granules

Hydrolytic enzymes released from eosinophil granules (which are... 

Placer DA et al. A novel and highly divergent homolog of human eosinophil granule major basic protein. J Biol Chem 1999 274 14464-14473. 

Glyoxal-based fixatives work faster than formalin. Small biopsies may be ready to process after only an hour while properly grossed larger specimens are ready in about 6h. Structural detail is remarkable in its clarity (Fig. 12.9). Red blood cells are lysed, but that rarely presents a problem. Eosinophilic granules are reduced in prominence (see below). Special stains work well, except for tests for iron (the mildly acidic pH is detrimental) and the silver detection methods for Helicobacter pylori. Most notably, glyoxal-fixed tissues retain strong immunoreactivity for most antigens. The chemistry behind most of this is known. 

Eosinophil infiltration is a major feature of asthma and allergic reactions [203], These cells are not abundant during the acute phase of the response, but increase in number and account for 10-80% of the total cell infiltrate during the late phase. Furthermore, major basic protein (MBP), which is released from eosinophil granules, causes respiratory epithelial damage [204]. Since PAF is a potent activator of eosinophil functions [205], BN 52021 may interfere with the late phase response. 

Rabbit (NS) <5 mo (GO) Hepatic 0.25 (eosinophilic granules and hyaline reticulum in hepatocytes) 0.66 (cirrhosis) Mallory 1933... 

Coyle, A. J., Ackermann, S., Burch, R., Proud, D and Irvin, C. G. (1995) Human eosinophil granule major basic protein and synthetic polycations induce airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo dependent on bradykinin generation. J. Clin. Invest. 95, 1735-1740. 

Kapp, A. (1993) The role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis— eosinophil granule proteins as markers of disease activity. Allergy 48,1-5. 

Rosenberg, H. F. and Tiffany, H. L. (1994) Characterization of the eosinophil granule proteins recognized by the activation-specific antibody EG2. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56, 502-506. 

Mast cell hyperplasia can affect several organ systems. Regarding the liver, 50% of cases present as hepatomegaly. Mast cell infiltrates are found in the portal fields. They can lead to occlusion of the small vessels with subsequent fibrosis or cirrhosis. (112) Moreover, there is evidence of marked lymphadenopathy and skin lesions. Polygonal cells with eosinophilic granules are... 

Abu-Ghazaleh, RL, Gleich, G.J. and Prendergast, F.G. (1992). Interaction of eosinophil granule major basic protein with synthetic lipid bilayers a mechanism for toxicity. J. Membr. Biol. 128, 153-164. 

Filley, W.V., Holley, K.E., Kephart, G.M. and Gleich, G.J. (1982). Identification by immunofluorescence of eosinophil granule major basic protein in lung tissues of patients with bronchial asthma. Lancet 2, 11-15. 

Moy, J.N., Gleich, G. and Thomas, L.L. (1990). Noncytotoxic activation of neutrophils by eosinophil granule major basic protein effect on superoxide anion generation and lysosomal enzyme release. J. Immunol. 145, 2626. 

Rankin, J.A., Harris, P. and Ackerman, S.J. (1992). The efiects of eosinophil-granule major basic protein on lung-macrophage superoxide anion generation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 89, 746-751. 

Zheutlin, L.M., Ackerman, S.J., Gleich, G.J. and Thomas, L.L. (1984). Stimulation of basophil and rat mast cell H release by eosinophil granule-derived cationic proteins. J. Immunol. 133, 2180-2185. 

There is no doubt that eosinophils are capable of causing epithelial injury (see e.g. Plate III and Fig. 10.5). The precise combination of mediators that contribute to this process are not known, but much attention has been paid to protein components of eosinophil granules. 

Wasmoen, T.L., Bell, M.P., Loegering, D.A., Gleich, G.J., Prendergast, F.G. and McKean, D.J. (1988). Biochemical and amino acid sequence of human eosinophil granule major basic protein. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 12559-12563. 

Patella V, de Crescenzo G, Marino I, Genovese A, Adt M, Gleich GJ, Marone G Eosinophil granule proteins activate human heart mast cells. J Immunol 1996 157 1219-1225. 

A primary function of eosinophils is to destroy parasites such as worms. The eosinophilic granules are lysosomes containing hydrolytic enzymes and cationic proteins, which are toxic to parasitic worms. Eosinophils have also been implicated in asthma and allergic responses, although their exact role in the development of these disorders is still unknown, and this is an active area of research. 

Eosinophil granule major basic protein E-selectin, soluble Ferritin, H Ferritin, L... 

Page SM, Gleich GJ, Roebuck KA, Thomas LL Stimulation of neutrophil interleukin-8 production by eosinophil granule major basic protein. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999 21 230-237. 

In delivering aerosolized steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to patients with asthma, one cell population that should be targeted is the eosinophil. This is because asthma is generally believed to involve an eosinophilic type of inflammatory reaction (25). Steroids reduce the number of eosinophils in circulation, the recruittnent of eosinophils to local tissue sites, the survival of eosinophils in the presence of cytokines, and the production of cytokines responsible for or involved in aU of these processes (25). Cromolyn inhibits the ability of eosinophils to kill complement-coated schistosomula organisms and to express, upon stimulation, complement C3b and Fey receptors (26). Nedocromil inhibits the release of proteins from eosinophil granules and leukotriene (LTC ) formation by eosinophils (27,28). 

Venge, P., Dahl, R., and Peterson, C. G. (1988) Eosinophil granule proteins in serum after allergen challenge of asthmatic patients and the effects of anti-asthmatic medication. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 87, 306-312. 

Frigas, E., Loegering, D. A., Solley, G. O., Farrow, G. M., and Gleich, G. J. (1981) Elevated levels of the eosinophil granule major basic protein in the sputum of patients with bronchial asthma. Mayo. Clin. Proc. 56, 345-353. 

Dvorak, A. M. (1980) Ultrastructural evidence for release of major basic protein-containing crystalline cores of eosinophil granules in vivo cytotoxic potential in Crohn s disease. J. Immunol. 125, 460-462. 

Physical exertion is well known for causing acute urticaria and angioedema (Leung and Hegde 1989). Prolonged exercise can also result in leukocytoclastic vasculitis by altered cutaneous microcirculation with extracellular deposition of eosinophil granule proteins (Kano et al. 1998), complement activation, increase in circulating immune complexes, and altered immune function (Dufaux and Order 1989 Prins et al. 1996). 

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