Eosinophils, differentiation

ED35 Eflective dose producing 35% maximum response EDso Effective dose producing 50% maximum response EDF Eosinophil differentiation 6ctor EDL Extensor digitorum longus EDN Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin EDRF Endothelium-derived relaxing factor... 

Stimulates antibody secretion (IgA), proliferation of B cells, and eosinophil differentiation Stimulates growth/differentiation of B cells and secretion of IgG promotes IL-2-induced growth of T cells... 

Eosinophil differentiation factor eosinophil colony-stimulating factor IL-5... 

Jabara, H.H., Ackerman, S.J., Vercelli, D., Yokota, T., Aral, K., Abrams, J., Dvorak, A.M., Lavigne, M.C., Banchereau, J., De Vries, J. et al. (1988). Induction of interleukin-4-dependent IgE synthesis and interleukin-5-dependent eosinophil differentiation by supernatants of a human helper T cell clone. J. Clin. Immunol. 8, 437-446. 

IL-5 was formerly known as BCDF B-cell differentiation factor for IgM (BCDF Ll), B-cell growth factor II (BCGF-II), eosinophil colony stimulating factor, eosinophil differentiation factor, IgA-enhancing factor, and T-cell replacing factor (TRF). ... 

An important difference between murine and human IL-5 is that murine IL-5 causes B-ceH and eosinophil differentiation, while human recombinant IL-5 causes only eosinophil differentiation and regulates IgA isotype selection. 

Eosinophil differentiation and proliferation, production of IgM and IgA, increased IL-2 receptors, increased IgA secretion Synthesis of acute-phase proteins by hepatocytes, synergistic with IL-3 on multipotential stem cells, growth and differentiation of T cells, dilferentiation to antibody secretion... 

IL-5 134 123 (20) 5q23.3-32 T lymphocytes Eosinophil differentiation B-cell growth and differentiation... 

The release of IL-5 and eotaxin in the airways in asthma has been closely associated with the bronchial infiltration and accumulation of eosinophils (41), by promoting the initial development of eosinophils from bone marrow progenitor cells that express CD34-I- and IL-5 receptor-a (28,42-44). However, a recent study by Robinson et al. has shown increased numbers of CD34+/IL-5 receptor-a mRNA-positive cells in the bronchial tissue of asthmatic compared to nonasthmatic patients, suggesting that in situ eosinophil differentiation may occur in the bronchial mucosa in asthma in response to local IL-5 production (45). 

Fig. 3. Th2 cells provide cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, which are essential for differentiation, survival and activity of basophils, mast cells and eosinophils. IL-4 and IL-13 induce IgE production from B cells. IL-5 induces eosinophils, increases eosinophil survival and reduces apoptosis. IL-9 stimulates mast cells. 

Hematopoiesis is defined as the development and maturation of blood cells and their precursors. In utero, hematopoiesis may occur in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. However, after birth, it occurs exclusively in the bone marrow. All blood cells are generated from a common hematopoietic precursor, or stem cell. These stem cells are self-renewing and pluripotent and thus are able to commit to any one of the different lines of maturation that give rise to platelet-producing megakaryocytes, lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid cells. The myeloid cell line produces monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils, whereas the lymphoid stem cell differentiates to form circulating B and T lymphocytes. In contrast to the ordered development of normal cells, the development of leukemia seems to represent an arrest in differentiation at an early phase in the continuum of stem cell to mature cell.1... 

Wang, C.H., Korenaga, M., Greenwood, A. and Bell, R.G. (1990) T-helper subset function in the gut of rats differential stimulation of eosinophils, mucosal mast cells and antibody-forming cells by OX8 OX22 and OX8 OX22+ cells. Immunology 71, 166-175. 

CSFs, which play a major role in the differentiation of stem-derived cells into neutrophils, macrophages, megakaryocytes (from which platelets are derived), eosinophils and basophils ... 

Proliferation/differentiation factor of haemopoietic progenitor cells, particularly those yielding neutrophils (a variety of granulocyte) and macrophages, but also eosinophils, erythrocytes and megakarycytes. In vivo studies also demonstrate this cytokine s ability to promote haemopoiesis. 

The effect of MAPK activation on cellular processes that affect cell function and the resulting pharmacology has been delineated using modem techniques such as knock-out cells and animals [1,3,6]. Activation of MAPK in inflammatory cells such as T-cells, B-cells, macrophages and eosinophils leads to expression and/or activation of pro-inflammatory genes and mediators such as interleukin-1(3 (IL-1(3), TNFa, IL-6, chemokines [e.g., IL-8, macrophage inflammatory factor-1 a, (3 (MIP-la,[3)J, MMPs and toxic molecules such as free radicals and nitric oxide [1,3]. These pro-inflammatory mediators induce cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis and tissue degradation/destruction and help induce chronic inflammation. Inhibition of any one or more of the MAPK family... 

Hematology. Hemacytometers or electronic cell counters can be used to assess the numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils in the peripheral blood, while changes in relative ratios of the various cell types can be assessed by microscopic differential evaluation. Similar evaluations can be... 

Consideration of the white blood cell (WBC) and differential counts leads to another problem. The total WBC is, typically, a normal population amenable to parametric analysis, but differential counts are normally determined by counting, manually, one or more sets of one hundred cells each. The resulting relative percentages of neutrophils are then reported as either percentages or are multiplied by the total WBC count with the resulting count being reported as the absolute differential WBC. Such data, particularly in the case of eosinophils (where the distribution does not approach normality), should usually be analyzed by nonpara-metric methods. It is widely believed that relative (%) differential data should not be reported because they are likely to be misleading. 

IL-5 Tcell B cell, eosinophil Growth /differentiation of eosinophils... 

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