Stem cell-derived CMs

FROM ANIMAL EX VIVO/IN VITRO MODELS TO HUMAN STEM CELL-DERIVED CMs FOR CARDIAC SAFETY TESTING... 

Jiang Y, Jahagirdar BN, Reinhardt RL, Schwartz RE, Keene CD, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Reyes M, Lenvik T, Lund T, Blackstad M, Du J, Aldrich S, Lisberg A, Low WC, Largaespada DA, Verfaillie CM (2002b), Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow, Nature 418 41-49. 

Bertram CM, Hawes SM, Egli S, Peh SL, Dottori M, Kees UR, Dallas PB (2010) Effective adenovirus-mediated gene ttansfer into neural stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 19(4) 569-578... 

The role of hiPSC-CMs within CiPA is to define best practice for experiments using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in an effort to validate drug effects observed on ion channels, and/or in silico modeling, and to unmask effects that, for various reasons, were not revealed in either the ion channel or in silico work (Termini et al. 2016). hiPSC-CMs offer clear advantages compared with isolated primary human cardiac cells or cardiac tissue preparations, both in terms of availability and ease of use. However, multiple aspects of their biology and pharmacology still need to be determined with certainty. 

Rao C, Prodromakis T, Kolker L, Chaudhry UA, Trantidou T, Sridhar A, Weekes C, Camelliti P, Harding SE, Darzi A, Yacoub MH, Athanasiou T, Terracciano CM (2013). The effect of microgrooved culture substrates on calcium cycling of cardiac myocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 34(10) 2399-2411. 

Haslauer CM, Moghe AK, Osborne JA, Gupta BS and Loboa EG, CoUagen-PCL sheath-core bicomponent electrospun scaffolds increase osteogenic differentiation and calcium accretion of human adipose-derived stem cells , J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 2011,22(13), 1695-712. 

E LL, Zhao YS, Guo XM, Wang CY, Jiang H, Li J, Duan CM, Song Y. 2006. Enrichment of cardiomyocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. / Heart Lung Transplant 25(6) 664-74. 

In 1 of these plants, silica is taken up through the roots as dissolved Si(OH)4 and is precipitated within and around the cells as hydrated opaline deposits which often replicate the shapes of the associated cellular structures. Upon death and decomposition of a plant, these siliceous deposits are released to the soil as discrete and generally microscopic structures known as phytoliths or plant opal . Most phytoliths in soils are derived from the aerial parts of plants. However, silicification can be extensive also in the roots and rhizomes of certain grasses, so that soils developed under this kind of vegetation receive significant quantities of biogenic silica from the underground portions of the plants. A rarer type of siliceous deposit in some vascular plants is tabashir (Jones et al., 1966). This material apparently is restricted to the bamboos, where it occurs within the hollow stems as solid, transluscent, opaline masses up to several cm thick. 

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