Bone marrow progenitor cells

Alexaki A, Quiterio SJ, Liu Y, Irish B, RUareski E, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B (2007) PMA-induced differentiation of a bone marrow progenitor cell line activates HIV-1 LTR-dtiven transcription. DNA CeU Biol 26(6) 387-394... 

Derived from bone marrow progenitor cells... 

De Falco E, Porcelli D, Torella AR, et al. SDF-1 involvement in endothelial phenotype and ischemia-induced recruitment of bone marrow progenitor cells. Blood 2004 104(12) 3472-3482. 

Examples of the early application of recombinant DNA technology in medicine are the development of recombinant human growth hormone human insulin human interferons, thought to have anticancer activity in addition to antiviral activity interleukins (regulatory proteins from lymphocytes that are believed to be important in the treatment of immunodeficiency diseases and cancer) tumor necrosis factor epidermal and bone marrow progenitor cell growth factors and the production of vaccines (Table 12.1). 

Dn Y., Jenkins N.A. and Copeland N.G. (2005) Insertional mntagenesis identifies genes that promote the immortalization of primary bone marrow progenitor cells. Blood 106, 3932-3939. 

Bartunek J, Vanderheyden M, Vandekerckhove B, Mansour S, De Bruyne B, De Bondt P, Van ITaute I, Lootens N, ITeyndrickx G, Wijns W. Intracoronary injection of CD 133-positive enriched bone marrow progenitor cells promotes cardiac recovery after recent myocardial infarction feasibility and safety. Circulation 2005 112(9 Suppl) I178-183. 

The first group of cytokines discovered, the interferons (IFNs), were followed by the colony-stimulating factors (CSFs, discussed in Chapter 33). The latter regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells. Most of the more recently discovered cytokines have been classified as interleukins (ILs) and numbered in the order of their discovery. Cytokines are produced using gene cloning techniques. 

Moran, J.L., Siegel, D., Sun, X.-M. Ross, D. (1996) Induction of apoptosis by benzene metabolites in HL60 and CD34 human bone marrow progenitor cells. Mol. Pharmacol., 50, 610-615... 

Irons, R.D. Stillman, W.S. (1996b) Impact of benzene metabolites on differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells. Environ. Health Perspect., 104 (Suppl. 6), 1247-1250... 

Enhanced amount of IL-1, TNF, ROI, NO, GM-CSF, IFN-y and IL-2, IL-2 receptors in mitogen-stimulated PBL, maturation of T cells and bone marrow progenitor cells to NK cytolytic effectors, maturation of CD34 stem cells into CD3 4 cells by inducing increased IL-7 synthesis. Thymosin al used in combination with cytokines and chemotherapy for treatment of cancer. 

About 14000 patients with the disease ankylosing spondylitis received X-ray therapy between 1935 and 1954 in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In irradiating the spine, doses of 300-700 rad were received by tissues in the thoracic region. The major radiation-related outcome has been an excess of leukemia due to irradiation of bone marrow progenitor cells within the ribs and vertebrae and, recently, an indication of excess solid tumors in the lungs,... 

The lymphocyte populations also arise from bone marrow progenitor cells. The B lymphocytes mature or differentiate in the bone marrow before leaving to circulate in the blood and lymph, while T lymphocytes undergo maturation in the thymus. Antibodies mediating the effector functions of the... 

Inhibitory concentrations for human bone marrow progenitor cells are similar to those inhibitory for CMV replication, a finding predictive of ganciclovir s myelotoxicity during clinical use. Inhibition of human lymphocyte blas-togenic responses also occurs at clinically achievable concentrations of 1 to 10 pg/mL. 

There has been very little experimental work conducted with natural products from the phylum Bryozoa. The family of bryostatins, macrolide polyketides isolated by Pettit from the bryozoan Bugula neritina, is certainly of greatest significance in terms of biomedical potential [92]. Bryostatin 1 (57) exhibits selective activity against B-cell lymphomas and leukemias, [93] and directly stimulates bone marrow progenitor cells to form colonies that functionally activate neutrophils [94]. Additionally, bryostatin 1 activates protein kinase C [95] and has immunomodulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo [96]. In combination with the vinca alkaloid vincristine, bryostatin 1 inhibits the growth of lymphoma cells without adverse effects on bone marrow cells [97]. 

Dietary copper deficiency increases the acute inflammatory response in rats and other small laboratory animals. The release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine and serotonin, from mast cells increases the vascular permeability of postcapillary venules and results in edema. In copper-deficient rats, release of histamine from mast cells positively correlates with frequency of the acute inflammatory response. Copper-deficient rats (0.6 mg Cu/kg DW ration for 4 weeks) have more mast cells in muscle than copper-adequate controls given diets containing 6.3 mg Cu/kg DW ration however, histamine content of mast cells is not affected. An early clinical sign of copper deficiency is a reduction in the number of circulating neutrophils the mechanism for copper-deficient neutropenia (leukopenia in which the decrease in white blood cells is chiefly neutrophils) is unknown. Proposed mechanisms to account for neutropenia from copper deficiency include (1) early desttuction of bone marrow progenitor cells (2) impaired synthesis of neutrophils from progenitor cells ... 

Opioids affect the function and development of the immune system, both indirectly through its control system, and directly via the opioid receptors on immune cells. Bone marrow progenitor cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, immature thymocytes, B cells, and T cells, all express opioid-related receptors on their surfaces and have been shown to change their behavior in the presence of opioid agonists. Prolonged opioid exposure suppresses immune function in animal models, as... 

Ex vivo gene therapy involves the methods of in vitro ceU therapy coupled with the reintroduction of the altered cells into an organism. Likely candidates for this approach are bone marrow progenitor cells of... 

In early 1987 we proved that the bryostatins were capable of stimulating normal bone marrow progenitor cells to form colonies in vitro and to activate neutrophils (68). Bryostatin 1, e.g., promotes many of the biological effects of GM-CSF and this remarkable activity combined with its antineoplastic activity make it a very attractive clinical candidate. Meanwhile, bryostatins 1 and 2 have found an important role as biochemical probes for unraveling the mechanisms of normal hematopoiesis (69). An important advance here was the observation that bryostatin 1 will stimulate normal erythropoiesis in human bone marrow progenitor assays. Furthermore, bryostatin 1 approximated the stimulatory effects of IL-3 on both murine normal and w/w bone marrow... 

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