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Inhibition enzyme

The three reversible mechanisms for enzyme inhibition are distinguished by observing how changing the inhibitor s concentration affects the relationship between the rate of reaction and the concentration of substrate. As shown in figure 13.13, when kinetic data are displayed as a Lineweaver-Burk plot, it is possible to determine which mechanism is in effect. [Pg.639]

Acrylonitrile is beheved to behave similarly to hydrogen cyanide (enzyme inhibition of cellular metaboHsm) (150) and is befleved to be a potential carcinogen (151). It can also affect the cardiovascular system and kidney and Hver functions (150). Eurther information on the toxicology and human exposure to acrylonitrile is available (152—154) (see Acrylonitrile). [Pg.197]

Raw soybeans also maybe used as a supplemental protein source. Dry beans, ie, beans normally harvested in the green / imm a tiire state, fava beans, lupins, field peas, lentils, and other grain legumes are potential supplemental protein sources however, several of these may have deleterious effects, predominantly enzyme inhibition, on the animal. The supply of each is limited (5). [Pg.156]

The nephrotoxic amino acid, lyskioalanine [18810-04-3] formed upon alkaline treatment of proteki, was reported ki 1964 (108). Its toxicity seems to be mitigated ki proteki ki that it is not released by normal digestion (109). Naturally occurring new amino acids, which can be classified as protekiaceous or non-protekiaceous, can, as ki the case of those from some legumes, show a remarkable toxicity (110). Eor the details of amino acid toxicity, see reference 6. Enzyme inhibition by amino acids and thek derivatives have been reviewed (111). [Pg.283]

HES is produced from 93—96% dextrose hydrolyzate that has been clarified, carbon-treated, ion-exchanged, and evaporated to 40—50% dry basis. Magnesium is added at a level of 0.5—5 mAf as a cofactor to maintain isomerase stabiUty and to prevent enzyme inhibition by trace amounts of residual calcium. The feed may also be deaerated or treated with sodium bisulfite at a level of 1—2-mAf SO2 to prevent oxidation of the enzyme and a resulting loss in activity. [Pg.294]

Enzyme Inhibition. Some materials produce toxic effects by inhibition of biologically vital enzyme systems, leading to an impairment of normal biochemical pathways. The toxic organophosphates, for example, inhibit the cholinesterase group of enzymes. An important factor in thek acute toxicity is the inhibition of acetylocholinesterase at neuromuscular junctions, resulting in an accumulation of the neurotransmitter material acetylcholine and causing muscle paralysis (29) (see Neuroregulators). [Pg.228]

One approach to combating antibiotic resistance caused by P-lactamase is to inhibit the enzyme (see Enzyme inhibition). Effective combinations of enzyme inhibitors with P-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins or cephalosporins, result in a synergistic response, lowering the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by a factor of four or more for each component. However, inhibition of P-lactamases alone is not sufficient. Pharmacokinetics, stability, ability to penetrate bacteria, cost, and other factors are also important in determining whether an inhibitor is suitable for therapeutic use. Almost any class of P-lactam is capable of producing P-lactamase inhibitors. Several reviews have been pubUshed on P-lactamase inhibitors, detection, and properties (8—15). [Pg.45]

Chelation is a feature of much research on the development and mechanism of action of catalysts. For example, enzyme chemistry is aided by the study of reactions of simpler chelates that are models of enzyme reactions. Certain enzymes, coenzymes, and vitamins possess chelate stmctures that must be involved in the mechanism of their action. The activation of many enzymes by metal ions most likely involves chelation, probably bridging the enzyme and substrate through the metal atom. Enzyme inhibition may often result from the formation by the inhibitor of a chelate with a greater stabiUty constant than that of the substrate or the enzyme for a necessary metal ion. [Pg.393]

Enzyme Inhibition. En2yme inhibitors (qv) are reagents that bind to the enzyme and cause a decrease in the reaction rate. Irreversible inhibitors bind to the enzyme by an irreversible reaction, and consequendy cannot dissociate from the enzyme or be removed by dilution or dialysis. Examples of irreversible inhibitors are nerve gases such as diisopropylphosphoduoridate [55-91-4] (DEP). [Pg.288]

FIGURE 5.46 Interaction of the serine hydroxyl residue in the catalytically active site of acetylcholinesterase enzyme with esters of organophosphates or carbamates. The interaction leads to binding of the chemical with the enzyme, inhibition of the enzyme, inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis, and thus accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapses. [Pg.287]

If the velocity of an enzymatic reaction is decreased or inhibited, the kinetics of the reaction obviously have been perturbed. Systematic perturbations are a basic tool of experimental scientists much can be learned about the normal workings of any system by inducing changes in it and then observing the effects of the change. The study of enzyme inhibition has contributed significantly to our understanding of enzymes. [Pg.443]

A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF ENZYME INHIBITION BY A FALSE SUBSTRATE... [Pg.434]

Mode of action Enzyme inhibition Reuptake inhibition Receptor antagonism... [Pg.159]

Drug Interactions During Metabolism Enzyme Inhibition... [Pg.448]

Following concurrent administration of two drugs, especially when they are metabolized by the same enzyme in the liver or small intestine, the metabolism of one or both drugs can be inhibited, which may lead to elevated plasma concentrations of the dtug(s), and increased pharmacological effects. The types of enzyme inhibition include reversible inhibition, such as competitive or non-competitive inhibition, and irreversible inhibition, such as mechanism-based inhibition. The clinically important examples of drug interactions involving the inhibition of metabolic enzymes are listed in Table 1 [1,4]. [Pg.448]

Drug Interactions. Table 1 Examples of clinically important drug interactions due to enzyme inhibition... [Pg.448]


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A model for an enzyme reaction inhibited by the substrate and product

Acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition

Allosteric inhibition of enzymes

Alloxan enzyme inhibition

Artificial enzymes product inhibition

Associating Cellular Effects with Target Enzyme Inhibition

Atorvastatin, enzyme inhibition

Azoles, enzyme-inhibiting effects

Biosensor enzyme inhibition-based

Biosynthesis enzymes inhibition

Biotransformation enzyme inhibition

Blood enzymes cholinesterase inhibitions

Camptothecin enzyme inhibition

Cancer phase 1 enzyme inhibition

Captopril, enzyme inhibition

Carbamates enzyme inhibition

Carbamates enzymes inhibited

Cellular effects, association with target enzyme inhibition

Chloramphenicol selective enzyme inhibition

Chlorpromazine enzyme inhibition

Cimetidine selective enzyme inhibition

Citric acid enzymes from, inhibition

Classical enzyme inhibition

Competitive enzyme inhibition defined

Competitive inhibition enzyme assay

Competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent

Competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Competitive inhibition, enzyme kinetics

Competitive inhibition, of enzymes

Constitutive enzyme Contact inhibition

Copper enzyme inhibition

Cyanide enzymes inhibited

Cyclooxygenase enzymes NSAIDs’ inhibition

Cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4, inhibition

Cytochrome P450 enzymes induction/inhibition

Cytochrome P450 enzymes inhibition

Deoxynojirimycin enzyme inhibition

Digestive enzyme inhibition

Diisopropylfluorophosphate, enzyme inhibition

Diisopropylphosphofluoridate enzyme inhibition

Drug Interaction - Enzyme Inhibition

Drug interactions enzyme induction/inhibition

Drug metabolism enzyme inhibition

Endothelin converting enzyme inhibition

Enols enzyme inhibition

Enzyme Activity and Inhibition Studies

Enzyme Induction and Inhibition

Enzyme Induction or Inhibition

Enzyme Inhibition—Equations

Enzyme activities, inhibition

Enzyme assay product inhibition

Enzyme biosensors inhibition

Enzyme catalysis inhibition

Enzyme catalysis inhibition effects

Enzyme chemical inhibition

Enzyme cholinesterase inhibitions

Enzyme competitive inhibition

Enzyme feedback inhibition

Enzyme feedback inhibition, figure

Enzyme induction, inhibition

Enzyme induction/inhibition environmental factors

Enzyme inhibition antidepressants

Enzyme inhibition assay

Enzyme inhibition biological activity

Enzyme inhibition competitive/reversible

Enzyme inhibition complexing agents

Enzyme inhibition definition

Enzyme inhibition drugs causing

Enzyme inhibition experiments

Enzyme inhibition iminosugars

Enzyme inhibition in the central nervous system

Enzyme inhibition mixed

Enzyme inhibition mucoadhesive polymers

Enzyme inhibition phenytoin

Enzyme inhibition polypeptide protease inhibitors

Enzyme inhibition reaction

Enzyme inhibition reversible

Enzyme inhibition studies

Enzyme inhibition suicide

Enzyme inhibition, Maillard

Enzyme inhibition, active-site-directed irreversible

Enzyme inhibition, drug design

Enzyme inhibition, drug design mechanism-based inhibitors

Enzyme inhibition, mechanisms

Enzyme inhibition, therapy

Enzyme inhibition-based biosensors

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors active site directed

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors affinity

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors anticancer

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors antimetabolite

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors antiretroviral

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors competitive

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors general concepts

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors irreversible

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors mechanism based

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors noncompetitive

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors phosphodiesterase

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors reversible

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors specificity

Enzyme inhibition/inhibitors transition-state analog

Enzyme inhibitor/inhibition

Enzyme irreversible-inhibition studies

Enzyme kinetics inhibition

Enzyme kinetics multiple-substrate inhibition

Enzyme kinetics single-substrate inhibition

Enzyme noncompetitive inhibition

Enzyme reactions reversible inhibition patterns

Enzyme regulation feedback inhibition

Enzyme stabilization, inhibited dissociation

Enzyme uncompetitive inhibition

Enzyme-catalysed covalent inhibition

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays antibody inhibition

Enzyme-selective inhibition

Enzyme-substrate complex competitive inhibition

Enzyme-substrate complex noncompetitive inhibition

Enzymes active-site-directed inhibition

Enzymes activity and inhibition

Enzymes continued inhibition

Enzymes inhibition constant

Enzymes metabolism inhibition

Enzymes phosphate-metabolizing inhibition

Enzymes with Unfavorable Binding Inhibition

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate Michaelis-Menten equation

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate effect

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate kinetics

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate properties

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate reactors

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate reversibility

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate specificity

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate temperature

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate turnover number

Enzymes, inhibition, substrate uncompetitive

Enzymes, inhibition/activation

Enzymes, proteolytic inhibition

Esterase enzyme inhibition

Exchangeability enzyme inhibition

Feedback inhibition enzyme kinetics

Feedback inhibition, of enzyme

Flavonoids enzyme inhibition

For enzyme inhibition assay

Glucocorticoids, selective inhibition enzymes

Glycosidase enzymes, inhibition with

Glyphosate enzyme Inhibition

Heavy metals enzyme inhibition

Hepatic glucose metabolizing enzymes, inhibition

Human immunodeficiency virus enzyme inhibition

Imatinib mesylate enzyme inhibition

Imidazolinones, enzyme inhibition

Implications of Enzyme Induction and Inhibition

Inhibition and Activation in Enzyme Reactions

Inhibition and Regulation of Enzyme Reactions

Inhibition enzyme thermal treatment

Inhibition in enzyme catalysis

Inhibition mechanisms, enzyme kinetics

Inhibition methods, enzymes

Inhibition of Aspartyl Enzymes

Inhibition of Enzyme Action

Inhibition of Pyridoxal Phosphate Enzymes

Inhibition of enzyme activity

Inhibition of enzyme reactions

Inhibition of enzyme synthesis

Inhibition of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme

Inhibition or Activation of Enzyme

Inhibition, enzyme activity lipid peroxidation

Inhibition, of enzyme catalysis

Inhibition, of enzymes

Iodoacetamide, enzyme inhibition

Irreversible enzyme inhibition method

Irreversible inhibition, enzyme

Irreversible inhibition, enzyme catalysis

Irreversible inhibition, of enzymes

Ketoconazole selective enzyme inhibition

Kojic acid enzyme inhibition

Lineweaver-Burk plot, enzyme inhibition

Lipase inhibitor, enzyme inhibition

Malic enzyme, product inhibition

Mechanism-based enzyme inhibition

Mechanism-based enzyme inhibition described

Mechanisms of Enzyme Inhibition

Membrane-bound enzymes, inhibition

Mercury, enzyme inhibition

Mercury, enzyme inhibition inactivation

Michaelis- Menten enzyme kinetics competitive inhibition

Michaelis- Menten enzyme kinetics noncompetitive inhibition

Multifunctional polymers enzyme-inhibiting

Noncompetitive inhibition, enzyme kinetics

Nuclease enzyme inhibition

Organophosphorus compounds enzyme-inhibiting properties

Ornithine decarboxylase enzyme inhibition

Oxidants, enzyme inactivation inhibition

Ozone enzyme inhibition

P450 enzyme inhibition

P450 enzyme inhibition assay

Pesticides enzyme inhibition

Pesticides inhibiting enzymes in nucleic acid synthesis

Pharmacokinetics enzyme induction/inhibition

Product Inhibition of Enzymes

Product Inhibition, Enzyme Inactivation, and Substrate Recalcitrance

Product-inhibited enzymes

Protease enzyme inhibition

Pyrogallol, enzyme inhibition

Respiratory enzymes, inhibition

Reversible enzyme inhibition method

Reversible inhibition enzyme kinetics

Reversible inhibition of enzymes

Reversible inhibition, enzyme catalysis

Selective inhibition of non-haem-containing enzymes

Sertraline, enzyme inhibition

Substrates simple irreversible enzyme inhibition

Suicide enzyme inhibition, type

Sulfonylureas enzyme inhibition

Systems for Ligand Binding and Enzyme Inhibition Assays Based on Mass Spectrometry

Thiols, enzyme inhibition

Thiorphan, enzyme inhibition

Toxin (Enzyme Inhibition) Biosensors

Translating Isolated Enzyme Inhibition to Efficacy Against the Native Kinase

Tropolones enzyme inhibition

Uncompetitive inhibition, enzyme kinetics

Urethan enzyme inhibition

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