Environmental residue assessment

Dr Georg Geisler is a product safety expert and modeller working with RCC Ltd, a Contract Research Organisation based in Basel, Switzerland. In this function, he conducts environmental risk assessments of pesticides, biocides and other chemicals, as well as safety assessments for pesticide residues in the food chain. In 2003, Georg Geisler earned his Ph.D. on environmental life-cycle assessment of pesticides at ETH Zurich. In 1999, he had received a Diploma in environmental chemistry at the Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany. 

Hernando MD, Mezcua M, Femandez-Alba AR, Barcel6 D (2006) Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments. Talanta 69 334-342... 

Because all 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs, as well as the planar PCBs, elicit this type of Ah-receptor mediated responses, their toxicity can be expressed relative to that of the most potent congener, which is 2,3,7,8-tctrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). This concept is known as the toxic equivalence factor (TEF) approach.84,13 The TEF concept can be used to classify each individual congener and, by an additive approach, assess the total risk of environmental or biological levels of PCDDs, PCDFs and planar PCBs. The predictive value of this approach, in particular when PCBs are included, appears to be species- as well as response-dependent.13 This is primarily due to the presence of other PCBs in environmental residues, which may act antagonistically. 

Turner, B. Powell, S. Miller, N. Melvin, J. A Field Study of Fog and Dry Deposition as Sources of Inadvertent Pesticide Residues on Row Crops Report of the Environmental Hazard Assessment Program California Department of Food and Agriculture Sacramento, CA, November 1989. 

Kammerbauer, J., Moncada, J. Pesticide residue assessment in three selected agricultural production systems in the Choluteca River Basin of Honduras. Environmental Pollution, 103 171-181 (1998). 

The production of plastics also involves the use of potentially harmful chemicals under the name of stabilizers or colorants. Many of these stabilizers/additives have not undergone environmental risk assessment and their impact on human health and the environment is currently uncertain and doubtful. Phthalates, as additives, are widely used in the manufacturing of PVC products, and risk assessments of the effects of phthalates on the environment are currently being carried out. Recent research for the Community Recycling Network casts doubt on whether pyrolysis and gasification are the right processes for dealing with the residual municipal waste. 

Agricultural Pesticide Residues in California Well Water Development and Summary of a Well Inventory Data Base for Non-Point Sources , Environmental Hazards Assessment Program, Cal. Dept. Fd. Ag., Sacramento, CA, 1985. 

Proper conduct of the total residue depletion study is important not only because the results define the depletion of total drug-related residue from the edible tissues of treated animals, but also because this data will be utilized to identify the target tissue (the edible tissue selected to monitor total residue - usually the last tissue in which residues deplete to the safe concentration) and marker residue (residue, i.e. drug and/or metabolite(s), selected to monitor the concentration of the total residue in the target tissue). These results will be utilized to establish the relationship between depletion of total residue and the marker residue in the target tissue. Identification of major metabolites in the urine and feces is important because these products must undergo environmental impact assessment. Tissue and excreta profiles will also be used... 

Pesticide residues in foodstuffs in Pakistan Organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in fruit and vegetables, Richardson, M. (ed.). Environmental Toxicology Assessment, Taylor and Francis, 1995,438 pp. 

Beyer WN, Kaiser TE. 1984. Organochlorine pesticide residues in moths from the Baltimore, MD-Washington, DC area. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 4 129-137. 

Bunck CM, Prouty RM, Krynitsky AJ. 1987. Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) from the continental USA, 1982. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 8 59-76. 

Fleinz GFI, Swineford DM, Katsma DE. 1984. High PCB residues in birds from the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 4 155-161. 

Prouty RM, Bunck CM. 1986. Organochlorine residues in adult mallard and black duck wings, 1981-1982. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 6 49-57. 

Depending on the biological agent, an assessment of residual hazards may be necessary to evaluate risks and mitigation measures to protect the population from further exposure to environmental hazards. Assessment and mitigation may include environmental sampling of air, water, and soil, as well as screening of insects and animals. 

This ACS Synqiosium Series book deals with the second topic. Twenty-nine invited and peer-reviewed chapters from internationally recognized pesticide experts are divided into six sections Residue Analysis, Environmental Fate, Environmental Risk Assessment, Metabolism, Resistance and Management, and Advances in Formulation and Application Technology. 

VICH has representatives of industry and regulatory authorities from Japan, the USA and the EU with observers from a number of other countries and organisations. It has developed a number of guidelines including those for areas of toxicity testing, residues analysis and pharmacovigilance which VICH-associated countries are meant to adopt.VICH has developed two guidelines for environmental risk assessment, which have many... 

Principles for the Toxicological Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Food, IPCS Environmental Health Criteria Document No. 104, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, Switzedand, 1990, 117 pp. 

Sadezky A, Loffler D, Temes T (2008) Proposal of an environmental indicator and classification system of pharmaceutical product residues for environmental management KNAPPE project Knowledge and need assessment on pharmaceutical products in environmental waters . Contract n° 036864. Deliverable 1.2. http //www.knappe-eu.org/... 

Assessment of residue analytical methods for crops, food, feed, and environmental samples the approach of the European Union... 

Commission Directive 96/46/EC of 16 July 1996, amending Annex II to the Directive 91/414/EEC, is the basis for the assessment of residue analytical methods for crops, food, feed, and environmental samples." Provisions of this Directive cover methods required for post-registration control and monitoring purposes but not data generation methods. Because it is necessary to provide applicants as precisely as possible with details on the required information, the guidance document S ANCO/825/00 rev. 6 dated 20 June 2000 (formerly 8064/VI/97 rev. 4, dated 5 December 1998)" was elaborated by the Commission Services in cooperation with the Member States. 

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