Environmental protection waste reduction

Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction Third Report to Congress Report SW-161, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1975 R. A. Lowe, Energy Recovery from Waste Report SW-36d.ii, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1975. 

Waste reduction should be geared towards increasing production efficiency in existing industrial plants that is, one must know what is going on inside the factory walls. In-depth knowledge about the production is essential for the implementation of a preventive approach to environmental protection that... 

FIGURE 9.5 Cyanide reduction via alkaline chlorination. (Adapted from U.S. EPA, Meeting Hazardous Waste Requirements for Metal Finishers, Report EPA/625/4-87/018, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 1987.)... 

Amination of aromatic nitro compounds is a very important process in both industry and laboratory. A simple synthesis of 4-aminodiphenyl amine (4-ADPA) has been achieved by utilizing a nucleophilic aromatic substitution. 4-ADPA is a key intermediate in the rubber chemical family of antioxidants. By means of a nucleophibc attack of the anilide anion on a nitrobenzene, a o-complex is formed first, which is then converted into 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and 4-nitrodiphenylamine by intra- and intermolecular oxidation. Catalytic hydrogenation finally affords 4-ADPA. Azobenzene, which is formed as a by-product, can be hydrogenated to aniline and thus recycled into the process. Switching this new atom-economy route allows for a dramatic reduction of chemical waste (Scheme 9.9).73 The United States Environmental Protection Agency gave the Green Chemistry Award for this process in 1998.74... 

Phelps, D., Schnell, J., and Shah, A. (2002) California Pharmaceutical Industry Hazardous Waste Source Reduction 2002 Assessment Report. California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, 96-110. 

The sponsor of the symposium on Metal Waste Management Alternatives is the California Department of Health Services, Alternative Technology Section, Toxic Substances Control Division. The cooperation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pollution Prevention Branch, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, is acknowledged. 

Wherever possible, environmental protection efforts first should be aimed at minimizing the amount of wastes or pollutants generated. Waste reduction at its source through product design changes, industrial process changes, or material substitution should be a primary objective. 

Some trade organizations and technical societies were invited to submit nominees for membership in WRISE and 20 individuals have been selected as initial Institute members. All possess credentials of accomplishment in pollution prevention, show evidence of a continuing interest in environmental protection and are, or have been, responsible for plant management or process design/selection or are highly knowledgeable of industrial operations for which waste reduction techniques are applicable. 

Environmental Protection. During the reduction of barite and the calcination of Sachtolith and lithopone, sulfur dioxide is liberated. This is removed from the waste gas in a purification stage which is based on the reversible, temperature-dependent solubility of sulfur dioxide in poly glycol. The absorbed sulfur dioxide can be recovered as a liquid product or as a raw material for sulfuric acid. Any soluble barium in the residue from the dissolution of the fused BaS is removed by treatment with... 

EPA. 1997d. Land disposal restrictions-phas IV treatment standards for wood preserving wstes, paperwork reduction and streamlining, exemptions from RCRA for certain processed materials and miscellaneous hazardous waste provisions final rule. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register. 62 FR 25998. May 12, 1997. 

Christ, C. (ed.), Production-Integrated Environmental Protection and Waste Management in the Chemical Industry, Reduction of waste production and energy consumption in the production of fatty-acid methyl esters (Henkel), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1999... 

Thus the introduced concept is a further step toward environmentally gentle manufacturing. The concept does not present any immediate patent solutions or recipes, because industrial food production is an interactive process, which needs to fulfill all three conditions quality, efficiency, and environmental protection as mentioned above. The result is a step-by-step waste reduction with simultaneously rising productivity, not obtained by restrictions but by opportunities. 

There were two major reasons for a lack of enforcement/inspection of industrial waste volume/toxicity reduction program certification. The first was that Congress was convinced that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had neither enough personnel nor personnel with adequate... 

Waste Minimization Waste minimization was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in its 1986 report to Congress (EPA/530-SW-86-033) as The reduction, to the extent feasible, of hazardous waste that is generated or subsequently treated, stored, or disposed of It includes any source reduction or recycling activity undertaken by a generator that results in either ... 

In 1990, with the passage of the National Pollution Prevention Act (PPA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) decided to make pollution prevention or P2 a top priority. In the United States, P2 includes source reduction and other practices that reduce or eliminate the creation of pollutants through increased efficiency and conservation of natural resources. Treating wastes was considered important, but efforts to prevent wastes from being generated was the priority. This entry provides an overview of the... 

Ink and Cleaner Waste Reduction Evaluation for Flexographic Printers U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993, EPA/600/SR-93/086. 

---