Reduction environmental protection

Cost reductions Environmental protection REACH compliance Focus on core competencies Process optimisation... 

Product standards may stipulate performance characteristics, dimensions, quaUty factors, methods of measurement, and tolerances and safety, health, and environmental protection specifications. These are introduced principally to provide for interchangeabiUty and reduction of variety. The latter procedure is referred to as rationalization of the product offering, ie, designation of sizes, ratings, etc, for the attribute range covered and the steps within the range. The designated steps may foUow a modular format or a preferred number sequence. 

Air Pollution. Particulates and sulfur dioxide emissions from commercial oil shale operations would require proper control technology. Compliance monitoring carried out at the Unocal Parachute Creek Project for respirable particulates, oxides of nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide from 1986 to 1990 indicate a +99% reduction in sulfur emissions at the retort and shale oil upgrading faciUties. No violations for unauthorized air emissions were issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency during this time (62). 

G. M. Shaul, U.S. EPH Risk Reduction Engineering Eaboratoy (RRELJ Treatability Database, rev. 5.0, REEL, Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 3, 1994. 

Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction Third Report to Congress Report SW-161, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1975 R. A. Lowe, Energy Recovery from Waste Report SW-36d.ii, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1975. 

Davis, G. A., L. Kincaid, D. Menke, B. Griffith, S. Jones, K. Brown, and M. Goergen (1994). The Product Side of Pollution Prevention Evaluating the Potential for Safe Substitutes. Cincinnati, Ohio Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

One of the conclusions from the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro (the Earth Summit) was the urgent need to find a more sustainable way of life, based on careful use of resources and a reduction in environmental emissions. There was also a call to move towards a model in which environmental enhancement is fully integrated with economic development. The consequences of this summit have been far-reaching not least by the fact that, in Europe and elsewhere, environmental protection requirements are now integrated into many policies rather than being separate pieces of legislation. Indeed Article 2 of the EC treaty states that the Community shall. .. promote throughout the Community harmonious, balanced and sustainable development of economic activities This may be viewed as the first step towards... 

Waste reduction should be geared towards increasing production efficiency in existing industrial plants that is, one must know what is going on inside the factory walls. In-depth knowledge about the production is essential for the implementation of a preventive approach to environmental protection that... 

FIGURE 9.5 Cyanide reduction via alkaline chlorination. (Adapted from U.S. EPA, Meeting Hazardous Waste Requirements for Metal Finishers, Report EPA/625/4-87/018, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 1987.)... 

Source U.S. EPA, Steel Pickling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, June 2008. Available at http // www.epa.gov/tri/TWebHelp/WebHelp/hcl section 3 l 4 steel pickling.htm a A significant volume reduction would occur. 

Nitschke, I., Radon Reduction and Radon Resistant Construction Demonstrations in New York, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/600/8-89/001 (NTIS PB89-15 1476), January 1989. 

Amination of aromatic nitro compounds is a very important process in both industry and laboratory. A simple synthesis of 4-aminodiphenyl amine (4-ADPA) has been achieved by utilizing a nucleophilic aromatic substitution. 4-ADPA is a key intermediate in the rubber chemical family of antioxidants. By means of a nucleophibc attack of the anilide anion on a nitrobenzene, a o-complex is formed first, which is then converted into 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and 4-nitrodiphenylamine by intra- and intermolecular oxidation. Catalytic hydrogenation finally affords 4-ADPA. Azobenzene, which is formed as a by-product, can be hydrogenated to aniline and thus recycled into the process. Switching this new atom-economy route allows for a dramatic reduction of chemical waste (Scheme 9.9).73 The United States Environmental Protection Agency gave the Green Chemistry Award for this process in 1998.74... 

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