Environmental protection best available technology

Larsen HF, Pedersen AR, Birch H, Rasmussen D, Hansen LE (1998) Evaluation of best available technology (BAT) in screen cleaning (report in Danish). Environmental Project No. 381. Danish Ministry of Environment. Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen... 

The critical load concept is intended to achieve the maximum economic benefit from the reduction of pollutant emissions since it takes into account the estimates of differing sensitivity of various ecosystems to acid deposition. Thus, this concept is considered to be an alternative to the more expensive BAT (Best Available Technologies) concept (Posch et al., 1996). Critical load calculations and mapping allow the creation of ecological-economic optimization models with a corresponding assessment of minimum financial investments for achieving maximum environmental protection. 

USEPA and Envirodyne Engineers, Inc. Review of the Best Available Technology for the Rubber Processing Point Source Category, Technical Report No. 68-01-4673 US Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC, 1978. 

AADI = Acceptable Average Daily Intake ACGIH = American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists AIC = Acceptable Intake Chronic AIS = Acceptable Intake Subchronic BAT = Best Available Technology CERCLA = Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act DWEL = Drinking Water Equivalent Level EP = Extraction Procedure EPA = Environmental Protection Agency ... 

BAT = Best Available Technology EPA = Environmental Protection Agency NSPS = New Source Performance Standards OERR = Office of Emergency and Remedial Response OSW = Office of Solid Waste OTS = Office of Toxic Substances OWRS = Office of Water Regulations and Standards PSES = Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources... 

How did it happen The production facilities were not outmoded since the production plant was continually modernized according to best available technology, and between 1980 - 1984 a total of 30 million DM were invested in environmental protection. 

There are a number of drinking water standards for chemicals that are based on best available technology for removing the chemical. This does not always coincide with a health-based standard. The Environmental Protection Agency developed a health-based drinking-water standard for uranium at 20 ug/L. Due to costs associated with public water systems achieving this number, EPA settled on a standard of 30 ug/L. 

Anion exchange for arsenic removai is one of the BAT (best available technology) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Extensive studies, both at the bench and pilot scale have shown that for a source water containing <120 mg/L sulfate and <500 mg/L TDS, ion exchange may be the arsenic-removal process of choice (3,4,19-21). 

In the settlement of a law suit brought against the Environmental Protection Agency, EFA, by several environmental groups, the EFA agreed in 1976 to review the effluent limitations and guidelines of 65 toxic chemicals based on the best available technology economically achievable (1-2). As a result of the Clean Water Act, CWA, in 1977, the EFA expanded this list to 129. This is commonly known as the Priority Pollutant List. The Clean Water Act requires that effluent standards be established for each toxic pollutant. 

In order to achieve the objective set down in Section 7(2)(a) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, Local Authorities are obliged to ensure that, in carrying on a prescribed process, the Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost (BATNEEC) [8] will be used ... 

Meets and exceeds U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) standards for refinery wastes. 

Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the best commercial technology for treating a specific hazardous waste. For example, vitrification is the BDAT for treating arsenic in soils (see Chapter 7). 

The steady interest in the effects of the chemistry and physics of the carbon surface on pollutant removal from waters has been ignited by the U.S. Clean Water Act (enacted in 1972, amended as the Water Quality Act in 1987). The most recent interest stems from the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendment of 1996. Activated carbon adsorption has been cited by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov) as one of the best available control technologies. Furthermore, the most recent efforts to understand the adsorption of the same pollutants by soils [7,8] can benefit from comparisons of similarities and differences with respect to the behavior of activated carbons. 

Activated carbon is the most important carbon material used to adsorb organic solutes from aqueous solutions, although the use of activated carbon fibers and activated carbon cloths has been continuously growing in recent years. These carbon materials are applied across a wide spectrum of systems such as drinking water and wastewater treatments and are used in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Furthermore, activated carbon adsorption has been cited by the US Environmental Protection Agency as one of the best available environmental control technologies [1]. 

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