Drinking water equivalent

AAC = acceptable ambient concentration ACGIH = American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ADEQ = Arizona Department of Environmental Quality SNA = Bureau of National Affairs CDC = Center for Disease Control CERCLA = Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CFR = Code of Federal Regulations DNR = Department of Natural Resources DWEL = drinking water equivalent level ... 

NAS Drinking Water Equivalent Level SNARL 0.26 mg/L ERA 1987c... 

EPA = Environmental Protection Agency DWEL = Drinking Water Equivalent Level ODW = Office of Drinking Water RfD = reference dose USAMBRDL = United States Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory... 

Drinking water equivalent of 42.5 mg/kg BW daily as copper glutamate lifetime exposure... 

In mice, nickel chloride produces a dose-dependent increase in abnormal lymphoma cells (WHO 1991). Mice given high concentrations of nickel in drinking water, equivalent to 23 mg Ni/kg BW daily and higher, have an increased incidence of micronuclei in bone marrow (USPHS 1993). However, mice injected once with 50 mg Ni/kg BW as nickel chloride show no evidence of mutagenicity (USPHS 1977). 

Also reported are drinking water equivalent levels (DWELs). The DWEL is defined by the U.S. EPA as a lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, noncancer health effects that assumes all exposure to a contaminant is derived from drinking water. 

NATIONAL tOont i 1-day (child) 10-day (child) Longer term (child) Longer term (adult) Lifetime (adult) DWEL (Drinking Water Equivalent Level) 1.0 mg/L 1.0 mg/L 0.5 mg/L 1.7 mg/L 0.1 mg/L 0.6 mg/L ... 

CDWEL Drinking water equivalent level. A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, non-cancer health... 

The intake value can then be converted to an air or drinking water equivalent for the corresponding environmental standards. It is important that cancer risk assessments be performed by trained risk assessors who have the training, experience, and understanding of the toxicological principles and the risk assessment methodologies involved. 

CFR = Code of Federal Regulations DWEL = drinking water equivalent level EPA = Environmental Protection Agency HAP = hazardous air pollutant HSDB = Hazardous Substances Data Bank IARC = International Agency for Research on Cancer IRIS = Integrated Risk Information System NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NRC = National Research Council OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration PEL = permissible exposure limit REL = recommended exposure limit RfD = reference dose TLV = threshold limit values TWA = time-weighted averages... 

REGULATORY STATUS Criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life 35,200 pg/L based on acute toxicity Criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life 50,000 pg/L based on acute toxicity Criterion to protect human health preferably 0 MCGL 0 MCL 0.005 mg/L HAL 1 day 4 mg/L, 10 day 0.2 mg/L concentration calculated to keep the lifetime cancer risk level to 1 in 100,000 4.0pg/L USSR/UNEP MAC 0.3 mg/L lifetime health advisory by EPA 0.0007 mg/kg/day, and a drinking water equivalent of 25 pg/L the following are guidelines in drinking water set by some states 2 pg/L(New Jersey), 3 pg/L (Florida) 10 pg/L (New Mexico) 2.7 pg/L (Minnesota), 5 pg/L (California, Kansas, and Maine)... 

Drinking Water Equivalent Level 0.5 mg/L Ambient water quality criteria for protection of human health... 

ACGIH = American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ADI = Acceptable Dally Intake Ca = Potential Occupational Carcinogen DWEL = Drinking Water Equivalent Level EPA = Environmental Protection Agency FAO... 

Tardiff RG, Carson ML, Sweeney LM, Kirman CR, Tan YM, Andersen M, Bevan C, Gargas ML (2009) Derivation of a drinking water equivalent level (DWEL) related to the maximum contaminant level goal for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent water soluble compound. Food Chem Toxicol 47(10) 2557-2589... 

It indicates that in the worst case modelled (very high plumbosolvency and 90% of houses with a lead pipe) 56.6% of the houses in the zone were predicted to exceed the benchmark for lead in drinking water, equivalent to the percentage of the zone s population at risk on this basis. 

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