Financial investment

Uranium is found in most rock, in a concentration of two to four parts per million (ppm). Substantially greater average concentrations can be found in mineral deposits, as high as 10,000 ppm, or 10 percent. Most uranium deposits suitable for mining, however, contain an average of less than 1 percent uranium. Uranium is a metal, and thus its acquisition is not unlike the mining of any other metallic ore. Although uranium is found nearly eveiywhere on the earth, Canada leads the world in uranium production, mostly due to its heavy financial investment m uranium exploration, and to a few sizable deposits in the Saskatchewan territoiy. Table 1 depicts the total world uranium production in 1997. 

A number of different types of HPLC detector have been discussed in the previous chapter. In comparison to these, a mass spectrometer is a relatively expensive detector and there need to be considerable advantages associated with its use to make the significant financial investment worthwhile. What are these advantages In order to answer this question, we must first consider what it is we are trying to achieve when using chromatography ... 

Bridlington.At this date, important centres of alchemical activity were Skipton Castle, owned by the Clifford family, and Wakefield Castle. In the early sixteenth century the same area was often visited by no less a magus than John Dee who was then working at Manchester College but who came over to West Yorkshire, specifically to Wakefield according to his diary, in order to deal with the financial investments of the College in the wool-trade. ... 

It is an advantage of electroanalysis and its apparatus that the financial investment is low in comparison, for instance, with the more instrumental spectrometric methods real disadvantages are the need to have the analyte in solution and to be familiar with the various techniques and their electrochemistry it is to be regretted that the knowledge of chemistry and the skill needed often deter workers from applying electroanalysis when this offers possibilies competitive with more instrumental methods (cf., stripping voltammetry versus atomic absorption spectrometry). 

There is a tremendous financial investment in our agriculture. The place which this country occupies in world leadership today is due in part to our food-producing capacity. To maintain that position at a time when portentous predictions are rife regarding an overpopulated world, we need ever-improved chemical aids, but we must, at the same time, impair neither the quantity nor quality of our orchards and vineyards. Frequently it takes 10 to 20 years or even more before we see the ultimate effects of continued usage of chemicals on plants. The financial and social losses which can result from improper or unduly hasty use of chemicals should temper profits with caution. 

Growing concern about the risks posed by indoor radon has underscored the need for dependable radon-resistant residential construction techniques. In response to this public health exposure, the U.S. EPA has developed and demonstrated a variety of methods that have been used to reduce radon levels in existing homes.2,8 Many of these methods could be applied during construction, involve less labor and financial investments, and provide greater homeowner satisfaction and safety than would a radon-reduction technique installed after the home is built and occupied. 

The cautious approach to drug approval, as overseen by the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been described in detail elsewhere (Findlay, 1999). The risks and benefits of a new drug submitted for FDA approval are rigorously studied through randomized, controlled clinical trials. Despite the enormous effort put forth to study new drugs, and the huge financial investment required to support clinical trials, many questions are often left unanswered by the relatively small-scale preapproval studies that may fail to detect, or fully describe, low-incidence adverse effects. These adverse effects may become evident within the months or years immediately... 

The critical load concept is intended to achieve the maximum economic benefit from the reduction of pollutant emissions since it takes into account the estimates of differing sensitivity of various ecosystems to acid deposition. Thus, this concept is considered to be an alternative to the more expensive BAT (Best Available Technologies) concept (Posch et al., 1996). Critical load calculations and mapping allow the creation of ecological-economic optimization models with a corresponding assessment of minimum financial investments for achieving maximum environmental protection. 

The development of a new drag for human use is a rather extensive process requiring time, workforce, and financial investments. The potential drag candidate must fulfill a series of rigorous requirements before it will receive its approval for marketing by the health authorities. This approval can only be obtained if the drag is effective, has a significant benefit for the patient, and, most important, is safe for the patient. 

In the American Civil War and the First World War estimates of mortality from penetrating wounds were more than 80%. Many deaths were as the result of infection, with gangrene being a particular problem. The penicillin mould was identified in 1928 but it was only in the early 1940s that optimal culture conditions and a purification procedure to produce pure penicillin were established. Large-scale production then commenced in the USA, where adequate facilities and financial investment were available. The objective was to produce as much penicillin as possible to treat injured troops with open wounds so that they could recover as quickly as possible during the invasion of France and subsequent liberation of Europe in 1944-45. 

The number e also appears in considerations of another form of growth, namely compound interest (i.e., the interest that accumulates when a principal P earns, and thereby grows from, successive payments at a fixed interest rate of i percent). The total principal after n periods (years in the case of many financial investments) can be determined by the following expression ... 

Direct methanol oxidation is a candidate for the anodic fuel to run electric surface transportation (Chapter 13). Thus, MeOH would provide a liquid fuel and use of much of the present infrastructure. Here, with a large financial investment at stake in the... 

In the old days, when people were hired by a company, they were expected to remain employed by that company for their entire career, until retirement when they would receive a gold watch. Well, the days of gold watches are gone. These days, employees need to look out for themselves, while employers are constantly looking at the bottom line and consider new employees a financial investment and an impersonal commodity. Thus, during your career, you will probably change jobs and employers multiple times. 

For about how long must a fission plant be operating before the initial financial investments are paid off ... 

Unless you have accumulated considerable capital and have a high retirement income, a few options may be out of reach. Your ultimate choice should be one that fits into your financial comfort zone. In doing your preliminary research, seek an option that will be a good financial investment. 

It is not just machines which have surprises in store. During the due diligence for a financial investment we found that one of the portfolio companies had made an acquisition in which the formulation process was to be transferred from the US to a European facility. Whilst the transfer was quickly achieved unfortunately the... 

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