Environmental Protection Agency carcinogens

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Carcinogen Classifications, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, EPA-600/R-93-089, 1986. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Carcinogenicity Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor Epoxide. EPA/600-/6-87/004. Carcinogen Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, 1986. 

Since 1979 the use of 24 5 T has been regu lated in the United States It is likely that the United States Environmental Protection Agency will classify some dioxins as known and others as probable human carcinogens and recommend further controls be placed on processes that produce them It appears from decreasing dioxin levels in some soils that exist mg regulations are having some effect ... 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Eist of Chemicals Evaluatedfor Carcinogenic Potential, internal memorandum, EPA, Washington, D.C., Feb. 1992. 

Health nd Safety Factors. Isophorone is considered moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Some rat tumor formation evidence has been found (264), but no demonstration as a human carcinogen has been proven. Isophorone is considered an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority pollutant, and has a permissible acute toxicity concentration of 117, 000 ///L to protect freshwater aquatic life, 12, 900 ///L to protect saltwater aquatic life, and 5, 200 ///L to protect human life (265). Isophorone is mildly toxic by inhalation, but because of its low volatiUty it is not a serious vapor hazard. 

In the United States, the Clean Air Act of 1990 requires plants to reduce emissions of 189 toxic and carcinogenic substances such as chlorine, chloroform, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) by 90% over the 1990s. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is working to develop standards based on maximum achievable control technologies and the industry has invested bUHons of doUars in capital investments to retrofit or rebuUd plant equipment to meet these measures. 

Duffms, J.J. (ed.) (1997) Carcinogenicity of Inorganic Substances, Royal Society of Chemistry, London. Environmental Protection Agency (1995) Landfill Manuals Landfill Monitoring. 

Benzene is a known carcinogen. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified benzene as a toxic air pollutant (TAP). Benzene is present in automotive evaporation, refueling vapors, and exhaust. 

Arsenic is a known human carcinogen, found in drinking water in many parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the upper limit for arsenic in drinking water at ten parts per billion (10 ppb). The legal limit in the United States, set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is 50 ppb. 

By a strict definition, these electrical and electronic wastes are hazardous. Fluorescent lamps contain mercury, and almost all fluorescents fail the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) toxicity test for hazardous wastes. Fluorescent lamp ballasts manufactured in the mid-1980s contain polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a carcinogen most of these ballasts are still in service. Batteries can contain any of a number of hazardous materials, including cadmium (nickel-cadmium... 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (2005). Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment EPA/630/P-03/001F. Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection... 

Toxicity and exposure studies indicate PFOA is immunosuppressive and can cause developmental problems and other adverse effects in laboratory animals, such as rodents [Lau et al (2004), Lau et al (2006)]. In 2005 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a draft risk assessment of its potential human health effects [U S. EPA (2005)]. A subsequent review by the EPA science advisory board concluded that there is sufficient evidence to classify PFOA as likely human carcinogenic. 

Both isomers of dimethylhydrazine have been shown to be carcinogenic in rodents following chronic oral exposure and 6-mon inhalation exposure to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. Increased tumor incidence was observed in mice, although these findings are compromised by the contaminant exposure to dimethylnitrosamine. An increased incidence of lung tumors and hepatocellular carcinomas was also seen in rats but not in similarly exposed hamsters. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) inhalation slope factors are currently unavailable for dimethylhydrazine. 

We take as an example the fate of benzene ((/Ur,) as it migrates with groundwater flowing through an aquifer. Benzene is a common contaminant because it makes up much of the volatile fraction of gasoline and other petroleum products. It is a suspected carcinogen with an MCL (maximum contamination level) set by the US Environmental Protection Agency of 5 qg kg-1. 

Among all chlorophenols, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) are listed as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (IRIS electronic database) and the EU [256]. In particular, PCP has been classified as a B2 probable carcinogen for humans from animal toxicity studies and human clinical data. 

There is no evidence that exposure to //-hexane increases the risk of cancer in people. No reliable information is available on whether //-hexane causes cancer in animals. In an animal experiment with commercial hexane (which contains //-hexane), an increase in liver cancer was found in female mice after exposure for 2 years. No increase was found in male mice or in rats of either sex. Commercial hexane is a mixture, and we do not know what parts of the mixture caused the cancer in the female mice. //-Hexane has not been characterized for carcinogenicity by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), or the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 

Albert, R. E. et al., "The Carcinogen Assessment Group s Method for Determining the Unit Risk Estimate for Air Pollutants," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980. 

EPA. 1992b. Heast Table 1 Subchronic and chronic toxicity (other than carcinogenicity). Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NTIS Order No. PB92-921199. 

Table 1.1. Weight-of-Evidence Carcinogenicity Classification Scheme as Determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency...

Some pesticides considered by the US Environmental Protection Agency to be probable carcinogens. 

EPA. 1988a. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimates for carcinogenicity for 1,2-diphenylhydrazine. Online. (Verification date 3/1/88). US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH. 

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