Draft risk

Thermal comfort assessments room air and operative temperatures (bur not draft risk evaluations)... 

Due to the methods and limitations outlined in Section 11.3..3, in thermal comfort analysis, draft risk evaluations cannot be performed using this type of room model. Analysis of air temperature stratification and thermal comfort for the occupant zone can be achieved only by using multi-air-node room models. 

For the models described, the usual assumption for air nodes in regard to the room air distribution is still valid. This means that each air node represents a volume of perfectly mixed air. Thus, the same limitations as for thermal and airflow models apply Local air temperatures and air velocities as well as local contaminant concentrations can he neither considered nor determined. This also means that thermal comfort evaluations in terms of draft risk cannot be performed. 

The draft risk due to cold air pillows under the roof glazing dropping into the occupied zone was determined by transient CFD calculations. As can be seen from Fig. 11.57, velocities do not exceed 0.2 m/s. Therefore, the draft risk was assumed to be marginal. 

Draft risk (DR) The percentage of people dissatisfied by a particular combination of air movement and temperature. 

Draft risk rating The percentage of people predicted to be dissatisfied due to draft. 

Exposure of both consumers and organisms in the environment is highly dependent on accurate values for production and use results presented here are based on refined information provided by industry following an earlier draft risk characterization, ft is beheved to be as accurate as possible. 

Toxicity and exposure studies indicate PFOA is immunosuppressive and can cause developmental problems and other adverse effects in laboratory animals, such as rodents [Lau et al (2004), Lau et al (2006)]. In 2005 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a draft risk assessment of its potential human health effects [U S. EPA (2005)]. A subsequent review by the EPA science advisory board concluded that there is sufficient evidence to classify PFOA as likely human carcinogenic. 

US EPA (2005) Draft Risk Assessment of the Potential Human Health Effects Associated With Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Its Salts. EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB)... 

EU (1997) European Union. Draft risk assessment biphenylether, octabromo derivative, human health... 

T. B. Starr, Significant Shortcomings of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s Latest Draft Risk Characterization for Dioxin-Like Compounds, Toxicological Sciences 04 (2001) 7-13. 

After consultation with the Stakeholder Forum, industry prepares a draft risk reduction strategy for each chemical. 

The forum discusses the draft risk reduction strategy of each chemical... 

From an analysis of the strategy, circumstances that mandate action from industry or Government need refining. The strategy specifies that the submission of a draft risk reduction strategy from industry immediately follows submission and discussion of the available data on the chemical at the stakeholder forum. 

US Environmental Protection Agency. Draft risk assessment of potential human health effects associated with PFOA and its salts. US Environmental Protection Agency Public Docket SAB-06-006, Washington, DC, May 3, 2006. 

EU Final Draft Risk Assessment on Piperazine, November 2003. 

U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), Benchmark Dose Technical Guidance Document (External Review Draft), Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, D.C., EPA/... 

Operationally, the simplest version of multidisciplinary risk assessment would Involve the preparation of a draft risk assessment by one or two scientists which would then be subjected to critical review by an academic consultant knowledgeable in the subject area. 

In 2007, a survey on production and uses of SCCPs was undertaken in the framework of the United Nations Economic Comission for Europe (UNECE) POPs Protocol [9]. Based on the available data from the EU, Switzerland, Canada and the USA, production of SCCPs in the UNECE region was estimated to range from 7,500 tons per year to 11,300 tons per year (Table 4). According to the EU Risk Assessment Report, in 1994 SCCPs were manufactured within the EU by two producers, at a total quantity of <15,000 tons per year [8]. According to the updated draft Risk Assessment Report from August 2005 [10], SCCPs were produced by... 

The information provided by the proponent and subsequent further information together with the evaluation of the Committee are presented in the next chapters. It should be noted that at present (December 2009) the POPRC was not able to reach consensus on adoption of the revised draft risk profile for SCCPs. 

At its fourth meeting, the POPRC considered an updated draft risk profile on SCCPs [63] prepared by the ad hoc working group established in accordance with decision POPRC-3/8. 

UNEP (2009) Revised draft risk profile short-chained chlorinated paraffins. UNEP/POPS/ POPRC.5/INF/18. United Nations Environment Program, Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Geneva, CH, p 32... 

The rapporteur then produces a draft risk assessment regarding human health and the environment, and proposes any necessary risk limitation strategies. Such measures are for adoption at EC level using existing provisions (such as classification and labelling, occupational exposure limits or very occasionally, by restrictions on marketing and use under the provisions of the marketing and use directive , ie. Council Directive 76/769/EEC [29] as amended), and can be undertaken only after a risk/benefit evaluation on the chemical. 

Cadmium releases from landfills have been evaluated by the Draft Risk Assessment Report on Cadmium (DRAR 2000). They can be evaluated at less than 0.3 tonnes/y, this representing less than 0.8% of total emissions of cadmium in water in the EU countries. The major contributors to total cadmium emissions into surface waters are zinc and lead producers, fuel combustion for electricity generation, fuel combustion for road transportation, phosphate industries and non-ferrous metallurgy (DRAR 2000). 

DRAR (2000) Draft Risk Assessment Report on Cadmium/Cadmium Oxide (2000). Belgian Rapporteur. Mr. M. De Win General Advisor. Ministry of Social Affairs,... 

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