Environmental green chemistry development

Professor Rogers s technology combines two major principles of green chemistry developing environmentally preferable solvents, and using biorenewable feedstocks to form advanced materials. Professor Rogers has found that cellulose from virtually any source (fibrous. 

In the 20 years since the Brunddand report, great developments have taken place in industries toward sustainable practices. As a case in point, the problem of acid rain, an issue of concern in 1987, has improved to a large extent, thanks to catalytic pollution abatement both in stationary and automotive emissions. Catalysis for Green Chemistry and Engineering will continue to have a cracial role in improving the environmental performance of industry [25-27]. Nowadays, catalytic procedures are often implemented according to the green chemistry... 

Once a chemical or material is positively defined, that is it is fuUy characterized and determined to be preferable as used with respect to human and environmental health and safety, organizations may establish a platform from which to develop products and processes. We provide as examples of positively defining chemicals and chemical products the CleanGredients database and the Coastwide Laboratories Sustainable Earth Green Chemistry (SEGC) 114 Standard for green chemical product development. 

Coastwide Laboratories/Corporate Express and SEGC 114. Coastwide Laboratories, now owned by Corporate Express uses green chemistry to develop products that meet rigorous performance, environmental, and human health criteria. They developed a product development standard called the Sustainable Earth Green Chemistry Standard 114 (SEGC 114), to establish positive criteria for product efficacy as well as human and environmental health benefits. Their strategy involves ... 

The writing of this book was undertaken because it was intended to be the first work that solely focuses on chemistry, and what appropriate metrics for Green Chemistry might be. We hope the book provides an up-to-date and authoritative text on the current development of environmental concepts in chemical technologies from clean and green to sustainable development. We also think it provides up-to-date information on the problems of metrics fundamental aspects of metrics, practical realisations and real-world case study examples. The concepts and approaches of metrics are related to the fundamental problems in chemistry and the main focus is on the use of metrics to promote the development and implementation of green chemistry and technology solutions. 

Zero emission plants, environmentally benign or green chemistry, and sustainable development have become the catch phrases of the 1990s (Anastas and Farris, 1994 Anastas and Warner, 1998 Anastas and Williamson, 1998 Clark, 1995). Consequently, traditional concepts of process efficiency are changing from an exclusive focus on chemical yields to one that assigns economic value to eliminating waste and avoiding the use of toxic and/or... 

The multi-component systems developed quite recently have allowed the efficient metal-catalyzed stereoselective reactions with synthetic potential [75-77]. Multi-components including a catalyst, a co-reductant, and additives cooperate with each other to construct the catalytic systems for efficient reduction. It is essential that the active catalyst is effectively regenerated by redox interaction with the co-reductant. The selection of the co-reductant is important. The oxidized form of the co-reductant should not interfere with, but assist the reduction reaction or at least, be tolerant under the conditions. Additives, which are considered to contribute to the redox cycle directly, possibly facilitate the electron transfer and liberate the catalyst from the reaction adduct. Co-reductants like Al, Zn, and Mg are used in the catalytic reactions, but from the viewpoint of green chemistry, an electron source should be environmentally harmonious, such as H2. 

The progress of Green Chemistry impacts the established scenarios for the chemical industry (98,99). Future catalysts will likely become more enzyme-like in the sense that they will more efficiently balance the properties of effectiveness and fragility. An overarching environmental consideration holds a synthetic catalyst should simply go away by some mechanism when its work is done. Nature has developed enzymes with limited lifetimes. After their task is completed, their constituent molecules and atoms become recyclable to serve as useful resources for the... 

Lewis acids as water-stable catalysts have been developed. Metal salts, such as rare earth metal triflates, can be used in aldol reactions of aldehydes with silyl enolates in aqueous media. These salts can be recovered after the reactions and reused. Furthermore, surfactant-aided Lewis acid catalysis, which can be used for aldol reactions in water without using any organic solvents, has been also developed. These reaction systems have been applied successfully to catalytic asymmetric aldol reactions in aqueous media. In addition, the surfactant-aided Lewis acid catalysis for Mannich-type reactions in water has been disclosed. These investigations are expected to contribute to the decrease of the use of harmful organic solvents in chemical processes, leading to environmentally friendly green chemistry. 

To overcome health and environmental problems at the source, the chemical industry must develop cleaner chemical processes by the design of innovative and environmentally benign chemical reactions. Green chemistry offers the tools for this approach. ... 

In the 21st century, the chemical industry will be increasingly influenced by environmental concerns with respect to waste treatment. Consequently, one of the aims of green chemistry is the replacement of hazardous materials (solvents, reagents) by less hazardous substances [1-3]. In order to comply with the requirements of a sustainable development, modern state-of-the-art chemistry should comprise ... 

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