Environment monitoring, manufacturing area

The analysis and measurement of gas components are widely employed in the petrochemicals, electronics, coal, space and instrument manufacture industries, and especially in the areas of environment monitoring, clinical diagnosis and safety assurance which are important to public health and economic development. Hence, government bodies and the departments concerned have been paying great attention... 

Industry and Business. The manufacturing industry is a large user of camera technologies, which help it to monitor industrial areas, cut costs, and increase efficiency. For example, many manufacturers use video-surveillance cameras to monitor areas that are intolerable to humans, as the cameras can be designed to have a high resistance to weather and corrosion. Video cameras can also be used near heavy-duty machinery in an industrial environment to check the efficiency of the automated processes and safeguard the employees working there. 

Health and Safety. Remover formulas that are nonflammable may be used in any area that provides adequate ventilation. Most manufacturers recommend a use environment of 50—100 parts per million (ppm) time weighted average (TWA). The environment can be monitored with passive detection badges or by active air sampling and charcoal absorption tube analysis. The vapor of methylene chloride produces hydrogen chloride and phosgene gas when burned. Methylene chloride-type removers should not be used in the presence of an open flame or other heat sources such as kerosene heaters (8). 

In the area of consumer products, amperometric glucose sensors hold high potential. Industrially, process monitors for the manufacture of consumer chemicals are under development. However, replacement of defective reference electrodes, which in a laboratory environment may be trivial, may be prohibitively difficult m vivo or in an industrial process environment. 

Housekeeping An important component of environmental control are the housekeeping activities utilized to clean the facility external to the controlled environments. Aseptic operations utilize a series of protective environments to protect the sterile field. Controls on the surrounding unclassified areas are an important part of the overall control scheme for sterile manufacturing. These unclassified areas support sterile operations in a variety of ways, and it is important to conduct activities therein that assist in the environmental control. Routine housekeeping, periodic sanitization, and even occasional environmental monitoring may be appropriate to... 

The environment to which the excipient may be exposed should be similar to that used in the manufacture of the final dosage form. This is especially true in the case of excipients intended for parenterals. For example, controlled areas may need to be established along with appropriate air quality classifications. Such areas should be serviced by suitable air handling systems and there should be adequate environmental monitoring programs. Any manipulation of sterile excipient post-sterilization must be performed as an aseptic process, including the utilization of Class 100 air and other aseptic controls. 

The utilisation of absolute barrier technology and automated systems to minimise human interventions in processing areas can produce significant advantages in assurance of sterility of manufactured products. When such techniques are used, the recommendations in these Supplementary Guidelines, particularly those relating to air quality and monitoring, still apply, with appropriate interpretation of the terms work station and environment . 

Parkes, H. G., Whittaker, B. and Willoughby, B. G., The Monitoring of the Atmospheric Environment in UK Tyre Manufacturing Work Areas, British Rubber Manufacturers Association Ltd, Birmingham, 1975. 

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