Amperometric glucose sensors

In the area of consumer products, amperometric glucose sensors hold high potential. Industrially, process monitors for the manufacture of consumer chemicals are under development. However, replacement of defective reference electrodes, which in a laboratory environment may be trivial, may be prohibitively difficult m vivo or in an industrial process environment. 

FIG. 10 Schematic drawing of the design of (a) an S-layer-based amperometric glucose sensor, (b) a sucrose sensor, and (c) an optical glucose sensor. 

Sun YP, Buck H, Mallouk TE. 2001. Combinatorial discovery of alloy electrocatalysts for amperometric glucose sensors. Anal Chem 73 1599-1604. 

E. D Costa, J. Higgins, and A.P. Turner, Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase and its application in an amperometric glucose sensor. Biosensors 2, 71—87 (1986). 

Y. Sato, T. Sawaguchi, Hirata, Y., F. Mizutani, and S. Yabuki, Glucose xidse/polyion complex-bilayer membrane for elimination of electroactive interferents in amperometric glucose sensor. Anal. Chim. Acta 364, 173-179 (1998). 

Choleau C, Klein JC, Reach G, Aussedat B, Demaria-Pesce V, Wilson GS, Gifford R, Ward WK. Calibration of a subcutaneous amperometric glucose sensor. Part 1. Effect of measurement uncertainties on the determination of sensor sensitivity and background current. Biosensors Bioelectronics 2002, 17, 641-646. 

Ward WK, Wood MD, Casey HM, Quinn MJ, Federiuk IF. The effect of local subcutaneous delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor on the function of a chronically implanted amperometric glucose sensor. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 2004, 6, 137-145. 

Kerner W, Lindquist S-E, Pishko MV, Heller A. Amperometric glucose sensor containing glucose oxidase cross-linked in redox gels. In Turner APF, Alcock SJ (Eds), In Vivo Chemical Sensors Recent Developments. Cranfield Press, Cranfield UK, 1993. 

A miniaturized planar amperometric glucose sensor has been created on Sapphire substrates. Thin film titanium-gold electrodes are covered with an enzyme layer which is patterned by a lift-off technique [66]. This sensor exhibits a fast response time of 30 seconds but the linear measuring range is poor. 

Forssen, L., Elderstig, H., Eng, L., Nordling, M., Integration of an amperometric glucose sensor in a p- I AS. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Proceedings pTAS 94 Workshop, University of Twente, Netherlands, 21-22 Nov. 1994, 203-207. 

Su, L., Qiu, X. P., Guo, L. H., Zhang, F. H. and Tung, C. H. (2004), Amperometric glucose sensor based on enzyme-modified boron-doped diamond electrode by cross-linking method. Sensor Actuator B, 99(2-3) 499-504. 

Wang, E, Amarasinghe, S., Leddy, I, Arnold, M., and Dordick, J. S. 1998. Enzymatically prepared poly(hydroquinone) as a mediator for amperometric glucose sensor. Polymer, 39,123-127. 

A layer-by-layer alternate electrostatic adsorption of monolayers of a positively-charged dendrimer (G4 poly(amidoamine)) and the negatively-charged protein glucose oxidase allows the preparation of multilayered assemblies for the construction of amperometric glucose sensors. This multilayer... 

Gorton, L, Bremle, G., Gsoregi, E., Jdnsson-Pettersson, G., and Persson, B. (1991) Amperometric glucose sensors based on immobilized glucose-oxidizing enzymes and chemically modified electrodes. Analytica Chimica Acta, 249, 43-54. 

The great number of patents and publications and of available commercial analyzers indicate the leading position of amperometric glucose sensors. These sensors allow a simple measuring regime and make use of the advantages of Faradaic electrode processes, such as independence of buffer capacity, linear concentration dependence, and high sensitivity in substrate measurement. 

Probably the most important developments in amperometric sensors were the Clark oxygen electrode and the amperometric glucose sensor. The latter is the most successful example of an enzyme-based sensor. 

Fig. 25 Construction scheme of an enzymatic amperometric glucose sensor [78]...

JSnsson G and Gorton L 1985 An amperometric glucose sensor made by... 

Pickup, J. C., Shaw, G. W., Claremont, D. J., Potentially-Implantable, Amperometric Glucose Sensors with Mediated Electron lYansfer Improving the Operating Stability , Biosensors 4 (1989) 109-119. 

Foulds, N. C., Lowe, C. R., Enzyme Entrapment in Electrically Conducting Polymers. Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase in Polypyrrole and Its Application in Amperometric Glucose Sensors , J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Thins. 92 (1986) 1259-1264. 

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