Enforcing safety

No person shall intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse 

Site rules can take a variety of forms, from a typed A4 list of dos and don ts to much more sophisticated printed booklets. 

Many large contractors have distilled their site rules into professionally printed booklets to be distributed on induction, supported by posters to be put up around site. These documentary artefacts of safety are produced within a corporate rather than a site context, and are often positioned as a part of wider organisational safety management systems and safety management programmes. Such site safety guides often present the rules through the dichotomy of  

However, reference to enforcement or punishment is almost always found to be lacking within the voice of corporate safety management. Despite the presence of prohibitions which clearly establish benchmarks for violation, further clarification of what enforcement is in place or what punishment will be meted out for lack of compliance is often totally missing. Instead, this corporate voice operates in a reality where there is no need for punishment 

Whilst this could of course be a conscious and deliberate approach made by the authors - if the documentation is assumed to be operating in a reality where violations therefore do not occur, any form of punishment becomes unnecessary - the way site rules are positioned and managed by those working on sites would suggest that this is simply not the case. Indeed, site-produced documents, posters and inductions with reference to the site rules certainly include and in fact more often than not prioritise a  

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The site-specific safety and health plan (SSAHP) mnst inclnde pro-cednres for implementing and enforcing safety and health rnles for all persons on site, inclnding employers, employees, ontside contractors, and visitors. 

Offers actual on-site response techniques and advice from experts on infectious diseases, hazardous materials and cleanup, law enforcement/safety, and emergency medical... 

Enforcing safety rules and substance abuse policies. 

Each safety program should include a list of safety rules for all employees to learn and use. An inspector caimot enforce safety rules but a written set of safety rules should be available to all employees. The safety rules should include the following areas ... 

The US Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. This act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the federal Department of Labor to establish and enforce safety standards for the workplace. OSHA standards are called permissible exposure limits (PELs). Many PELs have been adopted from ACGIH TLVs. TLVs are generally defined as air concentrations of chemicals that most workers can be exposed to for an 8 h workday, 40 h week for a working lifetime without suffering adverse effects. TLVs are not guaranteed as safe exposure levels for the entire population. Employers may also institute voluntary exposure limits either because an OSHA standard has not been promulgated for a xenobiotic of concern or because they want to apply an exposure limit that is more protective than either the PEL or the TLV. 

Employees who ship hazardous material, including radioactive material, must have hazmat training to be able to recognize and identify hazardous material, to conduct their specific functions, and to enforce safety procedures to protect the public. The training is given to a new employee within 90 days of employment and then repeated every 3 years. The training is provided by the employer or by other public or private sources, and a record of training must be maintained. 

This foreman was talking about his own site operatives and his own management of safety, however, the way he talks about site safety rules gives them a very minor status - just an odd rule. Reference to violations as odd reduces their impact in both frequency and severity, and positions them within a reality where safety violations (which in practice could be very serious in terms of consequences) are frequently minimised through relatively casual talk and linguistic associations. Furthermore, this foreman s enforcement process does not fit within any wider management practice or process framework and no punishment is included within this level of interaction. This subcontractor s foreman is happy to simply enforce safety without further recourse or punitive action to his own site... 

As safety audit is an independent audit activity for safe production supervision and evaluation, it helps enterprises to comply with safety laws and regulations. Besides, it helps enterprises to enforce safety facility realize the three simultaneous . What s more, safety audit helps related departments to It helps to supervise production accidents compensation in place in time. It contributes urge enterprises to secure investment in a timely manner and in full, etc. Thus safety audit ensures production safety situation improved fundamentally. 

The difficulty in identifying and enforcing safety constraints in design and operations has increased from the past. In many of our older and less automated systems, physical and operational constraints were often imposed by the hmitations of technology and of the operational environments. Physical laws and the Umits of our materials imposed natural constraints on the complexity of physical designs and allowed the use of passive controls. 

In STAMP, accidents and losses result from not enforcing safety constraints on behavior. Not only must the original system design incorporate appropriate constraints to ensure safe operations, but the safety constraints must continue to be enforced as changes and adaptations to the system design occur over time. This goal forms the basis for safe management, development, and operations. 

Create a system control structure and assign responsibilities for enforcing safety constraints. Some guidance for this process is provided in the operations and management chapters. 

This chapter starts with a discussion of the role of specifications and how systems theory can be used as the foundation for the specification of complex systems. Then an example of how to put the components together in system design and development is presented. Chapters 11 and 12 cover how to maximize learning from accidents and incidents and how to enforce safety constraints during operations. The design of safety information systems is discussed in chapter 13. 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)— The administrative arm for the Occupational Safety and Health Act responsible for regulating and enforcing safety and health policies for the United States. 

The fear factor and the blaming of employees for accidents are international occurrences. Most countries still gauge their industries safety performance by the number of injuries experienced. Most legal entities that enforce safety also measure an organization by the injury rates. 

Similar to the Final Safety Analysis Report in the U.S., a frmdamental feature of the British regulatory system is the requirement for each licensee to demonstrate the safety of its proposed operation in a document known as the safety case. The Nil also enforces safety and health regulations related to non-nuclear hazards at licensed sites. This role is perhaps comparable with those of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state safety and health authorities. The relationship between the U.K. licensees and the safety authorities is generally less antagonistic than that found in the U.S. The majority of discrepancies found by Nil inspectors are addressed at the individual... 

The Act created the Bureau of Motor Carriers of the Interstate Commerce Commission to develop and enforce safety regulations for the motor carrier industry. 

A federal enforcement agency responsible for the health and safety of the nation s miners. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), part of the U.S. Labor Department, helps to reduce deaths, injuries, and illnesses in the mining industry through regulation, inspection, and educational activities and programs. The agency develops and enforces safety and health rules applying to all U.S. mines, assists mine operators who have special compliance problems, and provides technical. 

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