Endothelial function and

Engler MB, Engler MM, Chen CY, Malloy MJ, Browne A, Chiu EY, Kwak HK, Milbury P, Paul SM, Blumberg J and Mietus-Snyder ML. 2004. Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. J Am Coll Nutr 23 197-204. 

Potenza MA, Marasciulo FL, Tarquinio M, Tiravanti E, Colantuono G, Federici A, Kim JA, Quon MJ and Montagnani M. 2007. EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, improves endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, reduces blood pressure, and protects against myocardial I/R injury in SHR. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292(5) E1378-E1387. 

Stein JH, Keevil JG, Wiebe DA, Aeschlimann S and Folts JD. 1999. Purple grape juice improves endothelial function and reduces the susceptibility of LDL cholesterol to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 100 1050-1055. 

Wang-Polagruto JF, Villablanca AC, Polagruto JA, Lee L, Holt RR, Schrader HR, Ensunsa JL, Steinberg FM, Schmitz HH and Keen CL. 2006. Chronic consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa improves endothelial function and decreases vascular cell adhesion molecule in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 47 Suppl 2 S177-186 discussion S206-209. 

Ellis et al. [72] recently studied the effects of short- and long-term vitamin C therapy in the patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). It was found that oxygen radical production and TBAR product formation were higher in patients with CHF than in control subjects. Both short-term (intravenous) and long-term (oral) vitamin C therapy exhibited favorable effects on the parameters of oxidative stress in patients the treatments decreased oxygen radical formation and the level of lipid peroxidation and improved flow-mediated dilation in brachial artery. However, there was no correlation between changes in endothelial function and oxidative stress. 

Colacurci N, Manzella D, Fornaro F, Carbonella M, Paolisso G (2003) Endothelial function and menopause effects of raloxifene administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 2135-2140... 

Stamatelopoulos KS, Lekakis JP, Poulakaki NA, Papamichael CM, Venetsanou K, Az-naouridis K, Protogerou AD, Papaioannou TG, Kumar S, Stamatelopoulos SF (2004) Tamoxifen improves endothelial function and reduces carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women. Am Heart J 147 1093-1099... 

Pulmonary tumors," may impair some vascular endothelial functions and alter the interaction between platelet and endothelial mediators ... 

Moat SJ, Lang D, McDowell IF, Clarke ZL, Madhavan AK, Lewis MJ, Goodfellow J (2004) Folate, homocysteine, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. J Nutr Biochem 15 64-79... 

Hodgson JM, Croft KD. 2006. Dietary flavonoids Effects on endothelial function and blood pressure. J Sci Food Agric 86 2492-2498. 

Vogel RA. 1997. Coronary risk factors, endothelial function, and atherosclerosis A review. Clin Cardiol 20 426—432. 

Perez-Vizcaino F, Duarte J, Andrilantsitohaina R. 2006b. Endothelial function and cardiovascular disease Effects of quercetin and wine polyphenols. Free Radio Res 40 1054-1065. 

Mahn K, Borras C, Knock GA, Taylor P, Khan IY, Sugden D, Poston L, Ward JP, Sharpe RM, Vina J, Aaronson PI, Mann GE. 2005. Dietary soy isoflavone induced increases in antioxidant and eNOS gene expression lead to improved endothelial function and reduced blood pressure in vivo. Faseb J 19 1755-1757. 

Becker BF, Heindl B, Kupatt C, Zahler S. Endothelial function and hemostasis. Z Cardiol... 

John S, Schneider MR Delles C, Jacobi J, Schmieder RE. Lipid-independent effects of statins on endothelial function and bioavailability of nitric oxide in hypercholesterolemic patients. Am Heart J 2005 149 473. 

Is homocysteine involved in the pathogenesis of restenosis An association between homocysteine and restenosis is not unlikely, given the fact that homocysteine appears to induce inflammation, impair endothelial function, and stimulate smooth muscle proliferation all these mechanisms are potentially implicated in the development of restenosis. However, the data regarding tHcy levels and the risk of restenosis after coronary angioplasty are conflicting. Some investigators found an increased risk of restenosis after PCI in patients with high plasma levels of homocysteine, especially in patients not treated with stents (70-72), whereas others did not find any increased risk either in patients with (73-75) or without stents (76). 

Several studies have revealed that statins have a beneficial effect on exercise performance in patients with claudication (13). Statins also improve endothelial function and have other... 

Hypercholesterolemia is associated with abnormal vascular reactivity (Vita et al, 1990 Seiler et al., 1993), and there is some evidence that lipid lowering with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Treasure et al., 1995 O Driscoll et al., 1997 Simons et al., 1998) and cholestyramine (Leung et al., 1993) can partially reverse this effect within a few months. Improvement in endothelial-dependent vasodilation has also been observed within 24 hours after LDL apheresis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia this supports the view that high plasma concentrations of LDL adversely affect endothelial function and impair vasodilation (Tamai et al, 1997). However, the Coronary Artery Reactivity After Treatment with Simvastatin (CARATS) study, a large, well-controlled study, provided no evidence for an effect, despite a mean 40% reduction in LDL cholesterol with simvastatin 40 mg daily (Hodgson et al, 1996 Vita et al, 2000). Furthermore, a link between vascular reactivity and coronary events has yet to be established. 

Touyz, R.M., C. Deschepper, J.B. Park, G. He, X. Chen, M.F. Neves, A. Virdis, and E.L. Schiffrin. 2002. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase improves endothelial function and attenuates Ang II-induced contractility of mesenteric resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats 1. J. Hypertens. 20 1127-1134. 

Rajagopalan, S., Shah, M., Luciano, A., Crystal, R., and Nabel, E. G. 2001. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of VEGF(121) improves lower-extremity endothelial function and flow reserve. Circulation 104 753-755. 

Wilkinson IB, McEniery CM. Arterial stiffness, endothelial function and novel pharmacological approaches. Clin. Exp. Pharm. Physiol. 2004 31 795-799. 

---