Vascular reactivity

HONORE E K, WILLIAMS J K, ANTHONY M s and CLARKSON T B (1997) Soy isoflavones enhance coronary vascular reactivity in atherosclerotic female macaques. FertiV Steril. 67 (1) 148-54. 

The triptans are considered specific therapies in that they target the pathophysiology underlying migraine.33 They abort headache through beneficial effects on neuronal imbalances.11 Triptans inhibit neurotransmission in the trigeminal complex and activate serotonin lb/Id pathways that modulate nociception in the brain stem. They also decrease the release of vasoactive peptides leading to vascular reactivity and pain.34 Triptans are a welcome addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in that they are available in intranasal, subcutaneous, and oral... 

Chai S, Webb RC. 1988. Effects of lead on vascular reactivity. Environ Health Perspect 78 85-89. 

Gainer JV, Stein CM, Neal T, Vaughan DE, Brown NJ. Interactive effect of ethnicity and ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism on vascular reactivity. Hypertension 2001 37 46-51. 

A high sodium intake and increased circulating natriuretic hormone inhibition of intracellular sodium transport, resulting in increased vascular reactivity and a rise in BP and / Increased intracellular concentration of calcium, leading to altered vascular smooth muscle function and increased peripheral vascular resistance. 

Mixed evidence, however, has been described in women. Raloxifene improved flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women (Sarrel et al. 2003) to an extent similar to that of HT (Colacurci et al. 2003 Saitta et al. 2001). Other investigators, however, have been unable to detect any effect of raloxifene (Ceresini et al. 2003 Griffiths et al. 2003). Flow-mediated vasodilation has been described for droloxifene (Herrington et al. 2000), while a neutral effect on vascular reactivity has been described for ospemifene, a more recent SERM (Ylikorkala et al. 2003). 

Fritsche, R., Schwerte, T., and Pelster, B., Nitric oxide and vascular reactivity in developing zebrafish, Danio rerio, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 279, R2200-R2207, 2000. 

Isolated soy protein, rich in phytoestrogen, enhances vascular reactivity in female monkeys with atherosclerosis, an effect similar to that observed with estrogen replacement therapy. The effect appears dependent on the phytoestrogen content of soy and is not observed when animals are fed soy protein devoid of its phytoestrogen content (Honore et al., 1997). One in vitro study... 

Kojda, G., Laursen, J.B., Ramasamy, S., Kent, J.D., Kurz, S., Burchfield, J., Shesely, E.G., Harrison, D.G. Protein expression, vascular reactivity and soluble guanylate cyclase activity in mice lacking the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase contributions of NOS isoforms to blood pressure and heart rate control, Cardiovasc. Res. 1999, 42, 206-213. 

Penotti M, Sironi L, Cannata L, Vigano P, Casini A, Gabrielli L, Vignali M. Effects of androgen supplementation of hormone replacement therapy on the vascular reactivity of cerebral arteries. Fertil Steril 2001 76(2) 235-40. 

Arangino S, Cagnacci A, Angiolucci M, Vacca AM, Longu G, Volpe A, Melis GB. Effects of melatonin on vascular reactivity, catecholamine levels, and blood pressure in healthy men. Am J Cardiol 1999 83(9) 1417-9. 

Sader MA, Celermajer DS. 2002. Endothelial function, vascular reactivity and gender differences in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovase Res 53 597-604. 

Yang S, Zhang L. Glucocorticoids and vascular reactivity. Curr Vase Pharmacol. 2004 2 1-12. 

Hypercholesterolemia is associated with abnormal vascular reactivity (Vita et al, 1990 Seiler et al., 1993), and there is some evidence that lipid lowering with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Treasure et al., 1995 O Driscoll et al., 1997 Simons et al., 1998) and cholestyramine (Leung et al., 1993) can partially reverse this effect within a few months. Improvement in endothelial-dependent vasodilation has also been observed within 24 hours after LDL apheresis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia this supports the view that high plasma concentrations of LDL adversely affect endothelial function and impair vasodilation (Tamai et al, 1997). However, the Coronary Artery Reactivity After Treatment with Simvastatin (CARATS) study, a large, well-controlled study, provided no evidence for an effect, despite a mean 40% reduction in LDL cholesterol with simvastatin 40 mg daily (Hodgson et al, 1996 Vita et al, 2000). Furthermore, a link between vascular reactivity and coronary events has yet to be established. 

Estrogens have also been found to have direct effects on blood vessels, including increased synthesis of nitric oxide and increased vasodilation (Farhat et al., 1996 McCrohon et al., 1996). The observed decrease in the risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis by estrogens (Pines et al, 1997 Punnonen et al., 1995 Stampfer and Colditz, 1991) is thought to be due to the combined effects of estrogens on serum lipids and vascular reactivity. 

Coppey, L. J., Gellett, J. S., Davidson, E. P., Dunlap, J. A., Lund, D. D., and Yorek, M. A. 2001. Effect of antioxidant treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats on endoneurial blood flow, motor nerve conduction velocity, and vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve. Diabetes 50 1927-1937. 

N. de Rons, Trans fatty acids, HDL-cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease risk Effects of dietary changes on vascular reactivity, Wageningen Universiteit, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2001. 

Vascular reactivity is the response to external and local stimuli that modify vascular tone. These factors are demonstrated in Table 7. The action of these factors varies among individual organs. For example, the kidney has greater vasoconstrictor sensitivity to endothelin-1 (ET-l) than other organs [122]. Integrity of the vascular responses is crucial in the maintenance of organ function in the face of nephrotoxins. Loss of this normal responsiveness may result in vascular injury. 

The hmitations of the preparation are ) autocoid production and vascular reactivity may be altered in vitro, 2) the absence of flow dynamics may alter endothelial cell function, 3) the small amount of tissue limits biochemical measurements, 4) isolated arterioles do not exhibit myogenic responses to changes in transmural pressure. 

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