Enable spheres

Enable spheres contain the organization and processes that provide needed infrastructure for product-producing spheres. Their customers are internal, not the buyers and users of company products and services. The Supply-Chain Council s Supply Chain Operations Reference Model (SCOR) lists enable processes that support its five top level processes PLAN, SOURCE, MAKE, DELIVER, and RETURN. For each SCOR process, there is a set of enable processes. 

In Table 9-1, Example 5 is an enable sphere. It is operations-eentric. It contains the processes for sourcing, or finding suppliers, for all the product-produeing spheres. Other companies might have similar operations in both enable and product- producing spheres. For example, proeessing 

How Many Supply Chains Do You Need Matching Supply Chain Strategies to Products and Customers, A.T. Kearney white paper, 2004. 

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This chapter presents two basic sphere types product-producing and enable. The former deliver products or services to external customers. Enable spheres create infrastructure for product-producing ones. The label comes from the Supply-Chain Council s Supply Chain Reference Model, or SCOR. Customers for enable spheres are the product-producing spheres. Figure 9.2 illustrates this relationship between product-producing and enable spheres. Product-producing spheres are horizontal in Figure 9.2... 

Alternatives for sphere definition are endless. Extracting ideas for spheres from a complicated functional thicket is daunting. Cross-functional teams, with members who have a big-picture perspective, are often the best way to tackle the task. Table 9.1 provides examples of spheres. Examples 1 through 4 are product-producing spheres. Example 5 is an enable sphere, serving the needs of product-producing spheres with a central sourcing function, like Sphere A. 

Operations centric (includes most enable spheres) Quadrant II and IV products requiring low costs Capital-intensive production processes Proprietary processes that bring competitive advantage Where opportunities exist for specialized automation to reduce cost and lead-time... 

Our recommendation is that planners create an Enable sphere, an idea introduced in Section 9.3. This sphere would include activities supporting product-producing spheres, the domain of SOURCE, MAKE, DELIVER, and RETURN. In short, if multiple spheres rely on common business rules, systems, and other supply chain components, they should be included in the Enable sphere. Here we describe and comment on each Enable process. 

Enable sphere Spheres that involve activities used by product producing spheres. These are operations-centric supporting activities. Customer requirements are set by the needs of the product-producing spheres. Examples can include support systems, organization, logistics services, and sourcing. 

Product- producing sphere A sphere that produces products for external customers. The other type is an enable sphere that provides a support service. The product-producing sphere is a business inside the business. It merits its own supply chain design. 

These values enable many structures to be correctly predicted discrepancies arising mainly from the false assumption that ions behave entirely as rigid spheres. Some examples are given in Table 2.7. 

Being able to communicate - to read and write - about chemistiy. Today, communication at world level is based on texts and images. Being able to effectively communicate using the special vocabulary of chemistry enables a person to have access to that sphere of knowledge ... 

Comparison of equations (2.11) and (2.15) reveals q and r to be kikilk i and A 2//r i, respectively. This enables k to be calculated from qjr. In its simplest forms the structure of the reactive intermediate can be viewed as V(OH)Cr " (when n is 1) or as VOCr (when n is 2). Similar species which have been characterized or implied kinetically are CrOCr (ref. 33), Np02Cr (ref. 37), U02Cr (ref. 31), VOV " (ref. 34), U0Pu02 + (ref. 41), Pu02pe + (ref. 42) and FeOFe + (ref. 38). Predictions on the rate of the V(III)- -Cr(lI) system, based upon Marcus theory", have been made by Dulz and Sutin on the assumption that an outer-sphere process applies. The value arrived at by these authors is 60 times lower than the experimental value. 

The initial stages of iron incorporation requires the ferroxidase sites of the protein. Thereafter the inner surface of the protein shell provides a surface which supplies ligands that can partially coordinate iron but which leave some coordination spheres available for mineral phase anions, thereby enabling the biomineralization process to proceed, with formation of one or more polynuclear ferrihydrite crystallites. Iron is transferred from the ferroxidase sites to the core nucleation sites by the net reaction (Yang et ah, 1998) ... 

The Dow corporation has recently developed constrained geometry addition polymerization catalysts (CGCT), typically Me2Si(C5Me4)(NBut)MCl2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) (141) activated with MAO. The homo-polymerization of a-olefins by CGCT afford atactic or somewhat syndiotactic (polypropylene rr 69%) polymers. The metal center of the catalyst opens the coordination sphere and enables the co-polymerization of ethylene to take place, not only with common monomers such as propylene, butene, hexene, and octene, but also with sterically hindered a-olefins such as styrene and 4-vinylcyclohexene [202]. 

A 2D soft-sphere approach was first applied to gas-fluidized beds by Tsuji et al. (1993), where the linear spring-dashpot model—similar to the one presented by Cundall and Strack (1979) was employed. Xu and Yu (1997) independently developed a 2D model of a gas-fluidized bed. However in their simulations, a collision detection algorithm that is normally found in hard-sphere simulations was used to determine the first instant of contact precisely. Based on the model developed by Tsuji et al. (1993), Iwadate and Horio (1998) incorporated van der Waals forces to simulate fluidization of cohesive particles. Kafui et al. (2002) developed a DPM based on the theory of contact mechanics, thereby enabling the collision of the particles to be directly specified in terms of material properties such as friction, elasticity, elasto-plasticity, and auto-adhesion. 

A significant technical development is the pulsed-accelerated-flow (PAF) method, which is similar to the stopped-flow method but allows much more rapid reactions to be observed (1). Margerum s group has been the principal exponent of the method, and they have recently refined the technique to enable temperature-dependent studies. They have reported on the use of the method to obtain activation parameters for the outer-sphere electron transfer reaction between [Ti Clf ] and [W(CN)8]4. This reaction has a rate constant of 1x108M 1s 1 at 25°C, which is too fast for conventional stopped-flow methods. Since the reaction has a large driving force it is also unsuitable for observation by rapid relaxation methods. 

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