Global inventory

Fig. 12-3 Partitioning of the global inventories of nitrogen in the aquatic system. Units are Tg N. (Reprinted with permission from R. Soderlund and T. Rosswall, The nitrogen cycles. In O. Huntizger (1982). "The Natural Environment and the Biogeochemical Cycles," p. 71, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.)...

Nriagu J O. Global inventory of natural and anthropogenic emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere. Nature 1979 279 409M11. 

The global dispersion and deposition of debris from atmospheric nuclear weapons is by far the largest source of artificial radioactivity to the terrestrial and marine environment. Nevertheless, this caused only a slight increase in the total global inventory of radioactivity, with the major contributor being tritium ( H). Evidence for significant... 

Buffet, B. Archer, D. (2004). Global inventory of methane clathrate sensitivity to... 

Tritium is also produced in ternary fission and by neutron-induced reactions with 6Li and 10B. Tritium is a very low energy (3 emitter with a half-life of 12.33 y. The global inventory of naturally produced tritium is 9.6 x 1017 Bq. Tritium is readily incorporated in water and is removed from the atmosphere by rain or snow. Its residence time in the stratosphere is 2-3 y after reaching the troposphere it is removed in 1-2 months. The natural concentration of 3H in streams and freshwater is 10 pCi/L. 

Further improve proliferation resistance (PR) and safety. The essential elements to enhance nonproliferation of nuclear weapons or to suppress harmful usage of nuclear power are to (i) decrease the global inventory of separated fissile nuclides, including the existing warheads (ii) make the... 

Begemann Libby (1957) estimated that 1.1 kg of T was released to atmosphere for each megatonne (MT) thermonuclear explosion. The tests between 1954 and 1963 had a fusion yield of 320 MT. Allowing for radioactive decay, the global inventory in 1963, including tritium in the atmosphere, groundwater and oceans, was about 330 kg. French and Chinese thermonuclear tests between 1968 and 1977 may have added another 20-30 kg. In 1972, by which time most of the pre-1963 tritium had returned to the earth s surface, a world-wide survey of oceanic waters gave a total of 164 kg (Ostlund Fine, 1979). Corrected for radioactive decay, this is equivalent to an inventory of 270 kg in 1963. 

Hardy, E., Krey, P.W. Volchok, H.L. (1973) Global inventory and distribution of fallout plutonium. Nature, 241, 444-5. 

Currently, anthropogenic S02 production exceeds natural SO2 production by a factor of 3 (Bates et al. 1992), but the impact of the former on aerosol production is largely confined to industrialised areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The oceans, on the other hand, cover approximately 70% of the Earth s surface and much of this area is remote from man-made atmospheric contaminants. Consequently, the exchange of marine DMS is of high regional importance and may affect climate globally. Since the publication of a global inventory of DMS data by... 

Spiro PA, Jacob DJ, Logan JA (1992) Global inventory of sulfur emissions with l°xl° resolution. J Geophys Res 97 6023-6036... 

Warren P. H. (1996) Global inventory of lunar impact melt as a function of parent crater size. In Lunar Planet. Sci. XXVII. The Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, pp. 1379-1380. 

Radioactive materials have been present in the environment since the accretion of the Earth. The decay of radionuclides provides an important source of heat that drives many large-scale planetary processes. The most abundant naturally occurring radionuclides are Th, and and The bulk of the natural global inventory of actinide radioactivity in the upper 100 m of the... 

Example 15.3. Comparison of Global Reservoirs Establish a list of some of the more important global inventories and estimate their magnitudes and mean residence times of the molecules in these reservoirs. The simple idea behind this excercise is that, to a first approximation, the smaller the relative reservoir size and the smaller the residence time, the more sensitive is the reservoir toward perturbation. 

Global inventories of nitrogen in Pg (from Soderlund and Svensson, 1976)... 

D.J. Erickson (1989). Ocean to atmosphere carbon monoxide flux Global inventory... 

Logan (1983) has estimated the global inventory of NO emissions (emission rates expressed in units of 1012 g N yr-1, with mean value given and range of estimates in parentheses) ... 

---